ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Wound healing can be divided into three phases: (1) exsudation phase, (2) granulation phase, (3) regeneration phase. In particular, the epithelization phase is of great importance in order to quickly reconstitute the natural skin barrier. The aim of the present study was to determine the reepithelization kinetics of untreated and 0.5% sodium hyaluronate (NHA) treated human 3D full thickness skin models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The test protocol consisted of topically applying 10 µl of the test substance 0.5% NHA twice a day. Evaluation of reepithelialization kinetics was carried out from days 2-6. Determination of the influence on immune response was performed based on quantification of IL-1α and IL-10. RESULTS: Application of 0.5% NHA twice a day enhanced the reepithelialization speed at all time points (p < 0.001). This observation is accompanied by a reduced expression of IL-10 paralleled by an elevated expression of IL-1α on days 2-4 (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION: The treatment of human skin models with NHA resulted in a significantly increased reepithelization velocity of wounded tissue and consequently promoted faster wound closure, compared to untreated controls. It can be assumed that the downregulation of IL-10 caused the IL1-α mediated increased immune response which finally leads to accelerated wound healing. Follow-up studies will reveal if the faster wound healing and the modulation of the immune response through the application of NHA is valid in vivo.
Subject(s)
Hyaluronic Acid/pharmacology , Skin/drug effects , Wound Healing/drug effects , Humans , Immunity, Cellular/drug effects , Interleukin-10/metabolism , Interleukin-1alpha/physiology , Re-Epithelialization/drug effects , Re-Epithelialization/immunology , Regeneration/drug effects , Regeneration/immunology , Skin/immunology , Wound Healing/immunologySubject(s)
Erythrocyte Membrane/metabolism , Erythrocytes/metabolism , Erythrocytes/radiation effects , Microwaves , Sodium/metabolism , Analysis of Variance , Biological Transport, Active/radiation effects , Cytological Techniques , Dialysis , Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Ouabain/pharmacology , Sodium Radioisotopes , TemperatureABSTRACT
Sonicated egg phosphatidylcholine vesicles loaded with 24Na+ were exposed at 20mW to a frequency-modulated (3 Hz) microwave field in the range of 2350 to 2550 MHz, or at 80 mW to a 2450-MHz CW (continuous wave) field, in a waveguide. The vesicle suspension absorbed microwaves at about 1 mW/ml and 25 mW/ml (CW experiment). The average temperature change of the irradiated suspension was less than 0.1 degree C from ambient. Leakage of 24Na+ from the vesicles for up to 19 hours was measured. No difference was noted in the movement of 24Na+ from the vesicles in the irradiated and control dispersions.
Subject(s)
Lipid Bilayers/radiation effects , Microwaves , Phosphatidylcholines/radiation effects , Sodium/metabolism , Animals , Cell Membrane Permeability , Lipid Bilayers/metabolism , SonicationSubject(s)
Freezing , Heart Valves , Tissue Preservation/methods , Animals , Culture Techniques , Dogs , Heart Valves/cytologySubject(s)
Freezing , Islets of Langerhans , Tissue Preservation/methods , Animals , Cell Survival , Diabetes Mellitus/surgery , Dimethyl Sulfoxide/pharmacology , Insulin/metabolism , Insulin Secretion , Islets of Langerhans/metabolism , Islets of Langerhans Transplantation , Rats , Transplantation, HomologousSubject(s)
Cryoprotective Agents/pharmacology , Freezing , Heart Transplantation , Organ Preservation , Tissue Preservation , Age Factors , Animals , Dimethyl Sulfoxide/pharmacology , Ear/surgery , Electrocardiography , Female , Fetus , Glycerol/pharmacology , Mice , Myocardial Contraction , Pregnancy , Transplantation, HomologousABSTRACT
A system for the controlled thawing and heating of small samples in a waveguide is described. A means of maintaining constant absorbed power within the sample over a wide range of sample parameters is a major feature of the system. Provision for sensing the melting point of immersed samples is include. Samples are continuously rotated to improve heating uniformity.