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1.
Scand J Clin Lab Invest ; 67(3): 291-6, 2007.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17454843

ABSTRACT

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly improved the prognosis of HIV(+) in children. Human immunodeficiency-associated lipodystrophy syndrome (HALS) is a side effect of HAART seen predominantly in adults and less often in children. Leptin is a protein thought to play an important role in body composition and has been shown to have immunomodulatory effects. We retrospectively studied serum levels of leptin in a cohort of eight HIV-infected children followed prospectively before and during HAART and investigated whether there is a correlation of these levels with the clinical, immunological, viral or nutritional changes observed during treatment in these children. None of our children developed HALS. In this small cohort of children, we found that serum leptin levels were appropriate to the nutritional status of the patient and that leptin/BMI increased in patients who responded to HAART. In conclusion, in HIV(+) children during HAART, leptin levels are related to the nutritional status of the child.


Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome/prevention & control , Leptin/biosynthesis , Leptin/blood , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Adult , Body Mass Index , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Child , Child, Preschool , Cohort Studies , Female , HIV , HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome/physiopathology , HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome/virology , Humans , Infant , Male , Nutritional Status/drug effects , Retrospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Viral Load
2.
Bone Marrow Transplant ; 33(12): 1187-90, 2004 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15077129

ABSTRACT

Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine-induced long-term immunity was studied in 30 children with bone marrow transplants (BMT). Immunity at baseline for MMR was 13.3, 33.3 and 66.6%, respectively. MMR vaccination failed to induce adequate and persistent responses to measles and mumps; seropositivity at 1 and 12 months for measles was 26.6 and 23.3% and for mumps 46.6 and 36.6%, respectively. In contrast, 27 of 30 children with a BMT were immune to rubella 1 month after immunization and retained protective antibody levels at 12 months. The MMR-induced anamnestic responses to rubella among all responders were associated with the production of high avidity antibodies. We conclude that a single dose of MMR given at 2 years after BMT induces suboptimal and short-lived immune responses to measles and mumps; a second dose should be recommended for paediatric BMT recipients.


Subject(s)
Antibody Formation , Bone Marrow Transplantation/adverse effects , Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/administration & dosage , Measles/prevention & control , Mumps/prevention & control , Rubella/prevention & control , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Antibody Affinity , Bone Marrow Transplantation/methods , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Measles/etiology , Measles/immunology , Mumps/etiology , Mumps/immunology , Rubella/etiology , Rubella/immunology , Time Factors , Vaccination
3.
Arch Dermatol ; 137(2): 157-60, 2001 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11176687

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Syphilis incognito is a subtype of latent syphilis (early or late) characterized by no signs or symptoms of primary or secondary syphilis and diagnosed by positive serologic results for syphilis during routine screening. OBJECTIVE: To study the epidemiological characteristics, causes, and implications of syphilis incognito in Greece. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All new adult patients diagnosed as having syphilis in Andreas Sygros Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, Athens, Greece, from 1989 through 1996 were studied prospectively and retrospectively (history, physical examination, serologic tests, cerebrospinal fluid examination, and imaging) to determine the stage of their disease. The epidemiological, clinical, and serologic characteristics of patients with syphilis incognito were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: During the 8-year period, 711 new syphilis cases were detected; of these, 480 cases (67.5%) fulfilled the definition criteria of syphilis incognito. The male-female ratio was 1.8:1. Patients with syphilis incognito were most commonly heterosexual, had a median socioeconomic status, and were aged 20 to 39 years, and their conditions were diagnosed during routine screening for syphilis (prenatal care, hospital admission, or blood donation). However, the number of syphilis incognito cases appeared to decline during the period studied. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of syphilis in Greece has decreased dramatically, following the trends in western Europe. The most common form of syphilis is syphilis incognito, affecting adults who are older and have a higher socioeconomic status than those in the past. Improved hygiene and wide use of antibiotics that minimize or abolish symptoms of early disease may have contributed to the frequency of syphilis incognito in recent years. Screening of asymptomatic persons, especially those at high risk, should continue and be reenforced to prevent the devastating consequences of unrecognized and untreated syphilis.


Subject(s)
Syphilis, Latent/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Greece/epidemiology , Humans , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies
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