ABSTRACT
Thin polycrystalline Co2FeGe films with composition close to stoichiometry have been fabricated using magnetron co-sputtering technique. Effects of substrate temperature (TS) and post-deposition annealing (Ta) on structure, static and dynamic magnetic properties were systematically studied. It is shown that elevated TS (Ta) promote formation of ordered L21 crystal structure. Variation of TS (Ta) allow modification of magnetic properties in a broad range. Saturation magnetization ~920 emu/cm3 and low magnetization damping parameter α ~ 0.004 were achieved for TS = 573 K. This in combination with soft ferromagnetic properties (coercivity below 6 Oe) makes the films attractive candidates for spin-transfer torque and magnonic devices.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common worldwide disease induced by a wide range of biochemical processes, mainly inflammation and degradation of collagen. The aim of this study, was to describe the effect of a multistrain probiotic (PB) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), administered separately or in combination, on the expression of Ptgs2, Tgfb1 and Col2a1 during monoiodoacetate-induced OA in male rats. METHODS: OA was induced in male rats by injecting monoiodoacetate in right hind knee. Therapeutic groups received 3 mg/kg of CS for 28 days and/or 1.4 g/kg of multistrain PB for 14 days. Knee cartilage were taken 30 days after monoiodoacetate injection. RNA was extracted and the expression of Ptgs2, Tgfb1 and Col2a1 were analyzed using SYBR Green 1-step real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Induction of OA caused an upregulation in Ptgs2, Tgfb1 expression, and downregulation of Col2a1. Separate administration of PB and CS reduced Ptgs2 and Tgfb1 expressions. Their combined administration significantly decreased the expression of these pro-inflammatory cytokines, comparable to controls. Expression of Col2a1 showed similar behavior, with upregulation in therapeutic group with separate administration and the cumulative effects in case of co-administration. CONCLUSIONS: The multistrain PB diet may offer a perspective to improve the standard treatment of OA and, necessitates further investigation with clinical trials.
Subject(s)
Chondroitin Sulfates/therapeutic use , Collagen Type II/biosynthesis , Cyclooxygenase 2/biosynthesis , Osteoarthritis, Knee/diet therapy , Osteoarthritis, Knee/drug therapy , Probiotics/therapeutic use , Transforming Growth Factor beta1/biosynthesis , Animals , Cartilage, Articular/drug effects , Cartilage, Articular/metabolism , Chondroitin Sulfates/administration & dosage , Collagen Type II/genetics , Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Food-Drug Interactions , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , Iodoacetic Acid/toxicity , Male , Microbiota , Osteoarthritis, Knee/chemically induced , Osteoarthritis, Knee/metabolism , RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis , Rats , Transforming Growth Factor beta1/geneticsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Blood cytokines affect the development of inflammatory processes in both normal and pathological states. We have studied changes in the concentration of interleukins (ILs) - 1ß, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12B p40, transforming growth factor ß (TGF ß), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in acute carrageenan-induced inflammation and degenerative-dystrophic changes of knee joint caused by monoiodoacetate-induced Osteoarthritis (OA) in experimental models on rats. We also investigated the change in the cytokine profile during prophylactic and therapeutic administration of chondroitin sulfate to animals under experimental conditions. METHODS: The concentration of the cytokines was measured in blood serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The manifestation of articular lesions was characterized by a disturbance in the balance between proinflammatory (IL-1ß, IL-12B p40, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10, TGF -ß) cytokines. CONCLUSION: A reduction in the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines in blood serum after prophylactic and therapeutic administration of chondroitin sulfate to the rat with experimental models of acute inflammation of the hind limb and degenerative-dystrophic changes in the knee joint with OA is associated with anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties of the drug.
