ABSTRACT
Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is caused by compression of the transverse duodenum at the angle between the aorta and the SMA that may lead to postprandial or constant epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting anorexia and weight loss. The diagnosis is often missed given nonspecific symptoms and low reported prevalence. The authors present a case of a 29-year-old female who presented with seven months of epigastric pain and significant weight loss. The patient was diagnosed with SMA syndrome with the aid of upper endoscopy, upper gastrointestinal barium study and computed tomography imaging.
ABSTRACT
The evolution of advanced pancreaticobiliary endoscopy in the past 50 years is remarkable. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has progressed from a diagnostic test to an almost entirely therapeutic procedure. The endoscopist must have a clear understanding of the indications for ERCP to avoid unnecessary complications, including post-ERCP pancreatitis. Endoscopic ultrasound initially was used as a diagnostic tool but now is equipped with accessary channels allowing endoscopic ultrasound-guided interventions in various pancreaticobiliary conditions. This review discusses the endoscopic management of common pancreatic and biliary diseases along with the techniques, indications, outcomes, and complications of pancreaticobiliary endoscopy.
Subject(s)
Biliary Tract Diseases , Endoscopy, Digestive System , Pancreatic Diseases , Biliary Tract Diseases/diagnosis , Biliary Tract Diseases/surgery , Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde , Endoscopy, Digestive System/instrumentation , Endoscopy, Digestive System/methods , Endoscopy, Digestive System/standards , Endosonography/instrumentation , Endosonography/methods , Endosonography/standards , Humans , Pancreatic Diseases/diagnosis , Pancreatic Diseases/surgeryABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a relatively common procedure used to treat complications of portal hypertension. However, only limited data exist regarding the hospital-readmission rate after TIPS placement and no studies have addressed the causes of hospital readmission. We therefore sought to identify the 30-day hospital-readmission rate after TIPS placement at our institution and to determine potential causes and predictors of readmission. METHODS: We reviewed our electronic medical-records system at our institution between 2004 and 2017 to identify patients who had undergone primary TIPS placement with polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stents and to determine the 30-day readmission rate among these patients. A series of univariable logistic-regression models were fit to assess potential predictors of 30-day readmission. RESULTS: A total of 566 patients were included in the analysis. The 30-day readmission rate after TIPS placement was 36%. The most common causes for readmission were confusion (48%), infection (15%), bleeding (11%), and fluid overload (7%). A higher Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score corresponded with a higher rate of readmission (odds ratio associated with each 1-unit increase in MELD score: 1.06; 95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.09; P = 0.001). Other potential predictors, including indication for TIPS placement, were not significantly associated with a higher readmission rate. CONCLUSIONS: The 30-day readmission rate after TIPS placement with covered stents is high, with nearly half of these readmissions due to hepatic encephalopathy-a known complication of TIPS placement. Novel interventions to help reduce the TIPS readmission rate should be prioritized in future research.
