Prognostic Value of the Leuko-Glycaemic Index in the Postoperative Period of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Abstract Introduction: High leuko-glycaemic index (LGI) (> 2000) has been associated with poor prognosis in many critical care settings. However, there is no evidence of LGI's prognostic value in the postoperative period of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This study aims to analyze the prognostic value of LGI in the postoperative period of CABG. Methods: Single-center retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was performed. Consecutive adult patients undergoing CABG between 2007 and 2019 were included. Blood glucose levels and white blood cells count were evaluated in the immediate postoperative period. LGI was calculated by multiplying both values and dividing them by 1,000 and analyzed in quartiles. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the best cutoff value. The primary combined endpoint was in-hospital mortality, low cardiac output (LCO), or acute kidney injury (AKI). Secondary endpoints included in-hospital death, AKI, atrial fibrillation, and LCO. Results: The study evaluated 3,813 patients undergoing CABG (88.5% male, 89.8% off-pump surgery, aged 64.6 years [standard deviation 9.6]). The median of LGI was 2,035. Presence of primary endpoint significantly increased per LGI quartile (9.2%, 9.7%, 11.8%, and 15%; P<0.001). High LGI was associated with increased occurrence of in-hospital mortality, LCO, AKI, and atrial fibrillation. The best prognostic cutoff value for primary endpoint was 2,000. In a multivariate logistic regression model, high LGI was independently associated with in-hospital death, LCO, or AKI. Conclusion: High LGI was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality, LCO, or AKI in postoperative period of CABG. It was also associated with higher in-hospital death.

Prognostic Value of the Leuko-Glycaemic Index in the Postoperative Period of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

INTRODUCTION: High leuko-glycaemic index (LGI) (> 2000) has been associated with poor prognosis in many critical care settings. However, there is no evidence of LGI's prognostic value in the postoperative period of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This study aims to analyze the prognostic value of LGI in the postoperative period of CABG. METHODS: Single-center retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was performed. Consecutive adult patients undergoing CABG between 2007 and 2019 were included. Blood glucose levels and white blood cells count were evaluated in the immediate postoperative period. LGI was calculated by multiplying both values and dividing them by 1,000 and analyzed in quartiles. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the best cutoff value. The primary combined endpoint was in-hospital mortality, low cardiac output (LCO), or acute kidney injury (AKI). Secondary endpoints included in-hospital death, AKI, atrial fibrillation, and LCO. RESULTS: The study evaluated 3,813 patients undergoing CABG (88.5% male, 89.8% off-pump surgery, aged 64.6 years [standard deviation 9.6]). The median of LGI was 2,035. Presence of primary endpoint significantly increased per LGI quartile (9.2%, 9.7%, 11.8%, and 15%; P<0.001). High LGI was associated with increased occurrence of in-hospital mortality, LCO, AKI, and atrial fibrillation. The best prognostic cutoff value for primary endpoint was 2,000. In a multivariate logistic regression model, high LGI was independently associated with in-hospital death, LCO, or AKI. CONCLUSION: High LGI was an independent predictor of inhospital mortality, LCO, or AKI in postoperative period of CABG. It was also associated with higher in-hospital death.

Hemodynamically significant prosthesis-patient mismatch can be predicted and is associated with early prosthetic valve dysfunction in aortic bioprosthesis.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the accuracy of predicted prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) regarding actual PPM measured postoperatively. To assess the association between PPM and prosthetic valve dysfunction. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study including adult patients after aortic valve replacement surgery with a biological prosthesis. Predicted PPM status was determined using mean reference effective orifice area indexed to total body surface (iEOA), without considering reference standard deviations. Postoperative PPM status was determined by measuring iEOA within the first 60 postoperative days. Prosthetic valve dysfunction was defined as thrombosis, pannus, valve degeneration, and/or disruption. RESULTS: 205 patients were enrolled between January 2003 and June 2017: predicted PPM was absent in 52 patients (25.4%), moderate in 137 patients (66.8%), and severe in 16 patients (7.8%). After surgery, the actual postoperative iEOA was measured: 53 (25.9%) did not have PPM, 73 had moderate PPM (35.6%), and 79 had severe PPM (38.5%). Predicted PPM identified the presence of hemodynamically significant actual postoperative PPM (OR = 2.56; 95%CI 1.30-5.05; P = .006), though not its degree of severity. Prosthetic valve dysfunction was more frequent among patients with hemodynamically significant PPM (53.9% vs. 11.3%; P < .001), compared to those without PPM. The association between PPM and prosthetic valve dysfunction was maintained after adjusting for gender, age, and ever-smoking (OR = 9.03; P < .001). The incidence of thrombosis or pannus was also nonsignificantly higher in patients with moderate or severe PPM. CONCLUSIONS: Predicted PPM identifies the presence, possibly not the severity, of actual postoperative PPM. Moderate or severe PPM is associated with prosthetic valve dysfunction. Actual postoperative prosthesis-patient mismatch measured within 60 postoperative days showed a distinctive hemodynamic profile and presented a stronger association with prosthetic valve dysfunction than predicted prosthesis-patient mismatch. A. Echocardiographic follow-up in patients according to the actual postoperative PPM measured within 60 postoperative days. B. Prediction of prosthetic valve dysfunction based on preoperative predicted PPM or on actual postoperative PPM within 60 postoperative days. PPM: prosthesis-patient mismatch. OR: Odds ratio.

Cirugía de preservación valvular como alternativa en enfermedad de la raíz aórtica / Aortic Valve Sparing Surgery as Alternative in Aortic Root Disease

RESUMEN Introducción: Desde 1968, la enfermedad aneurismática de la raíz aórtica ha sido tratada mediante el remplazo con tubo valvulado. En las últimas décadas la cirugía de preservación valvular surgió y evolucionó como una opción al remplazo protésico. Objetivo: Reportar la experiencia institucional en la técnica de preservación valvular y sus resultados a largo plazo. Material y métodos: Revisión de 116 casos consecutivos con criterios de reparabilidad, intervenidos entre 2005 y 2019. Previo ecocardiograma transesofágico (ETE) y angiotomografía (AngioTC), se procedió quirúrgicamente acorde a la clasificación anatomofuncional, con la combinación de técnicas. Se realizó control intraoperatorio y conversión a remplazo según el criterio del cirujano interviniente. Se reportan las variables intraoperatorias, la morbimortalidad intrahospitalaria y la mortalidad, la libertad de insuficiencia valvular significativa y la reoperación en el seguimiento clínico y ecocardiográfico. Resultados: La edad media era 56 ± 15,6 años, varones 73%, 59% asintomáticos, intervenidos por diámetro aórtico (52 ± 11,7 mm) o progresión de valvulopatía. En el posprocedimiento, 4% de los casos resultó con insuficiencia leve o nula y 2 conversiones (1,7%); mortalidad hospitalaria 0,9%. A 10 años de seguimiento, sobrevida actuarial del 88% y libertad de insuficiencia significativa (moderada/grave) 79%. Se reintervinieron 5 casos, a un intervalo promedio de 9,1 años, libertad de reoperación de 90% a 10 años. No se registraron eventos tromboembólicos ni hemorrágicos mayores. Conclusión: las técnicas de preservación valvular aórtica, en contexto de enfermedad de la raíz, resultan una opción factible, segura y estable en el tiempo.

ABSTRACT Background: Since 1968, ascending aorta replacement with a valved conduit has been the standard practice for aortic root aneurysm. By the end of the 20th century, aortic valve sparing operation emerged and evolved as an alternative to aortic valve replacement. Objective: The aim of this study was to report our experience with aortic valve sparing technique and its long -term outcomes. Methods: A total of 116 consecutive cases with criteria of repairability operated on between 2005 and 2019 were analyzed. Preopera- tive transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and computed tomography angiography (CTA) were used in combination to determine the aortic phenotype based on a previous anatomical and functional classification. Perioperative control was performed and conver- sion to aortic valve replacement was left to the discretion of the attending surgeon. Intraoperative variables, in-hospital morbidity and mortality, freedom from significant aortic regurgitation (AR) and reoperation in the clinical and echocardiographic follow-up were reported. Results: Mean age was 56±15.6 years and 73% were men; 59% were asymptomatic, and the reason for the intervention was the aortic diameter (52±11.7 mm) or progression of AR. After the procedure, 4% of the cases presented mild or trivial AR and 2 patients required conversion to aortic valve replacement (1.7%). In hospital mortality was 0.9%. Actuarial survival was 88% at 10 years, and 79% were free from significant (moderate/severe) AR. Five cases underwent reoperation after a mean interval of 9.1 years and free- dom from reoperation at 10 years was 90%. There were no major thromboembolic or bleeding events. Conclusion: Aortic valve sparing technique in the setting of aortic root disease is a feasible and safe option, and stable over time.

Off-Pump Coronary Revascularization Using Bilateral Internal Thoracic Arteries in A Patient with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria: A Case Report.

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an ultra-orphan disease. We report the first case in the literature of Off-Pump Coronary Revascularization Using Bilateral Internal Thoracic Arteries in a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. A 36-year-old man came to the emergency department with acute non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). He presented paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria diagnosed in 2016. Coronary angiography revealed tripple vessel disease. The conduits used for coronary revascularization were both internal thoracic arteries (left ITA-right ITA [LITA-RITA]). We consider that off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) using Bilateral Internal Thoracic Arteries (BITA) can be safely performed with low in-hospital mortality and complications rates, even in patient with PNH.

Off-Pump coronary revascularization using bilateral internal thoracic arteries in a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: a case report

Abstract Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an ultra-orphan disease. We report the first case in the literature of Off-Pump Coronary Revascularization Using Bilateral Internal Thoracic Arteries in a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. A 36-year-old man came to the emergency department with acute non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). He presented paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria diagnosed in 2016. Coronary angiography revealed tripple vessel disease. The conduits used for coronary revascularization were both internal thoracic arteries (left ITA-right ITA [LITA-RITA]). We consider that off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) using Bilateral Internal Thoracic Arteries (BITA) can be safely performed with low in-hospital mortality and complications rates, even in patient with PNH.

Is sex a risk factor for death in patients with bilateral internal thoracic artery grafts?

BACKGROUND: Mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has been reported to be higher in women. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether bilateral internal thoracic artery (BITA) grafting in women has a long-term survival benefit over single internal thoracic artery grafting, possibly equivalent to the male population. METHODS: A retrospective review was undertaken of our prospectively collected database. We included 4406 consecutive patients who underwent isolated CABG, who received their operation between January 2000 and April 2017. From the entire series, 2979 patients (67.6%) received exclusively BITA grafts; 299 (10.1%) were female. The primary end point was follow-up mortality, independently from cause. In-hospital mortality and during follow-up were analyzed. Substratification according to age was performed to answer whether it has an effect. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analyses was performed to investigate the significant predictors of late mortality. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 5.1 ± 3.9 years. Female BITA patients were older (P < .001), had nonelective surgery (P < .001), more on-pump CABG (P = .015), fewer number of grafts (P < .001) versus male BITA patients. BITA grafting in women had a long-term survival equivalent to that of men (P = .784). In a Cox proportional hazard model, female sex was not an independent risk factor for late death (B, -0.303; hazard ratio, 0.739; 95% confidence interval, 0.470-1.16; P = .189). The stratification analysis showed that the beneficial effect of BITA remained similar among sexes and was not modified by age even after adjusting for confounders. In a risk-adjusted sample, patients older than 65 years with BITA grafting showed superior long-term survival than those with single internal thoracic artery grafting (P = .019). CONCLUSIONS: Although there are some differences between sexes, BITA grafting in women was associated with similar 10-year survival compared with men, and female sex was not an independent risk factor for late death. Among women, the BITA group had better survival, especially those older than 65 years.

Extubación postoperatoria inmediata (ultra fast-track) en cirugía coronaria sin circulación extracorpórea / Immediate postoperative extubation (ultra fast-track) after coronary surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass

Antecedentes: La ventilación en el postoperatorio es una práctica rutinaria en los pacientes sometidos a cirugía de revascularización miocárdica. En los últimos años, junto con la incorporación de la cirugía de revascularización miocárdica (CRM) sin circulación extracorpórea (sin CEC), hemos adoptado como objetivo la extubación en el quirófano, es decir, al finalizar la cirugía. Objetivos: Extubación inmediata en quirófano (ultra fast-track (UFT)) utilizando anestesia general; secundariamente, analizar la curva de aprendizaje durante el período de estudio. Lugar de aplicación: Institución privada. Diseño: Estudio retrospectivo, casuístico, observacional. Población: 209 pacientes sometidos a CRM sin CEC durante el período que va de julio de 2002 a abril de 2003. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes en forma consecutiva, sin criterios de exclusión. Método: Anestesia general balanceada intravenosa e inhalatoria. Se evaluaron las características preoperatorias, las condiciones necesarias para la extubación, el número de pacientes extubados y el de no extubados, y sus causas. Los pacientes fueron divididos en dos grupos: G02 = 2002 (110 pacientes) y G03 = 2003 (99 pacientes). Resultados: De las condiciones preoperatorias, hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre G02 y G03, con mayor severidad para este último en tabaquismo (p = 0.007), clase funcional III-IV (p = 0.009) y función ventricular moderada-severa (p = 0.021). Hubo tendencia, pero sin significación estadística, también hacia G03 en cirugía no electiva, balón de contrapulsación intra aórtico, diabetes y reoperación. Se extubó el 81 por ciento de los pacientes en el quirófano, un 71 por ciento del período '02 y 92 por ciento del periodo '03. Los no extubados obedecieron a: falta de conciencia 13 (11/2), inestabilidad hemodinámica 13 (7/6), cambios eléctricos 3 (3/0), sangrado 3 (3/0), respiratorias 3 (3/0) y conversión a CEC 5 (5/0). Las complicaciones fueron: respiratorias: 4.8 por ciento, distress: 0.9 por ciento, IAM 2.9 por ciento y mortalidad 3.8 por ciento. La estadía en UTI fue de 1 día y la estadía total 5 días. Conclusión: Es posible realizar la extubación en quirófano para cirugía de revascularización miocárdica sin circulación extracorpórea utilizando anestesia general balanceada, ajustándola a la técnica de UFT. También la curva de aprendizaje ha influido favorablemente en los resultados.

Extubación postoperatoria inmediata (ultra fast-track) en cirugía coronaria sin circulación extracorpórea / Immediate postoperative extubation (ultra fast-track) after coronary surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass

Antecedentes: La ventilación en el postoperatorio es una práctica rutinaria en los pacientes sometidos a cirugía de revascularización miocárdica. En los últimos años, junto con la incorporación de la cirugía de revascularización miocárdica (CRM) sin circulación extracorpórea (sin CEC), hemos adoptado como objetivo la extubación en el quirófano, es decir, al finalizar la cirugía. Objetivos: Extubación inmediata en quirófano (ultra fast-track (UFT)) utilizando anestesia general; secundariamente, analizar la curva de aprendizaje durante el período de estudio. Lugar de aplicación: Institución privada. Diseño: Estudio retrospectivo, casuístico, observacional. Población: 209 pacientes sometidos a CRM sin CEC durante el período que va de julio de 2002 a abril de 2003. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes en forma consecutiva, sin criterios de exclusión. Método: Anestesia general balanceada intravenosa e inhalatoria. Se evaluaron las características preoperatorias, las condiciones necesarias para la extubación, el número de pacientes extubados y el de no extubados, y sus causas. Los pacientes fueron divididos en dos grupos: G02 = 2002 (110 pacientes) y G03 = 2003 (99 pacientes). Resultados: De las condiciones preoperatorias, hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre G02 y G03, con mayor severidad para este último en tabaquismo (p = 0.007), clase funcional III-IV (p = 0.009) y función ventricular moderada-severa (p = 0.021). Hubo tendencia, pero sin significación estadística, también hacia G03 en cirugía no electiva, balón de contrapulsación intra aórtico, diabetes y reoperación. Se extubó el 81 por ciento de los pacientes en el quirófano, un 71 por ciento del período 02 y 92 por ciento del periodo 03. Los no extubados obedecieron a: falta de conciencia 13 (11/2), inestabilidad hemodinámica 13 (7/6), cambios eléctricos 3 (3/0), sangrado 3 (3/0), respiratorias 3 (3/0) y conversión a CEC 5 (5/0). Las complicaciones fueron: respiratorias: 4.8 por ciento, distress: 0.9 por ciento, IAM 2.9 por ciento y mortalidad 3.8 por ciento. La estadía en UTI fue de 1 día y la estadía total 5 días. Conclusión: Es posible realizar la extubación en quirófano para cirugía de revascularización miocárdica sin circulación extracorpórea utilizando anestesia general balanceada, ajustándola a la técnica de UFT. También la curva de aprendizaje ha influido favorablemente en los resultados. (AU)