Biomarkers CDX2, CK20, CK7 in Schoolchildren with Gastritis in the Realization of Familial Predisposition of Stomach Cancer.

We studied the association of expression of CDX2, CK20, CK7 proteins with familial predisposition to stomach cancer in schoolchildren with gastritis and its activity. Gastroscopy with biopsy of the gastric mucosa was performed in 89 schoolchildren aged 7-17 years with gastrointestinal complaints. The morphological study included the diagnosis of gastritis (Sydney classification) and the presence of Helicobacter pylori. The expression of CDX2, CK20, and CK7 was evaluated immunohistochemically. In children with familial predisposition to stomach cancer, the expression of CK20 in the stomach body was significantly increased (p=0.0225). In addition, the expression of CK20 (p=0.0979) and CDX2 (p=0.0849) tended to insrease in the antral compartment. No significant differences in the expression of CK7 in the gastric antrum and body were found. Some features of the expression of CDX2, CK20, and CK7 proteins in children with family predisposition to stomach cancer were revealed.

Efficiency of Very Low Doses of Antibodies to S100 Protein in the Complex Therapy of Functional Dyspepsia in Children.

We showed the data on clinical efficiency of low doses of antibodies to brain-specific protein S100 in the complex therapy of schoolchildren with painful variant of functional dyspepsia syndrome. Significant positive effects of the substance on the dynamics of epigastric pain, in particular, its duration, were found. The maximum clinical effect was observed in children with emotional disorders (~1/3 of all examined children). Along with significant decrease in frequency appearance and duration of pain syndrome, the substance also normalized emotional state and improved attention concentration in children.

[Prevalence of H. pylori CagA strain and characteristics of associated gastritis in schoolchildren with dyspepsia syndrome in Tyva Republic].

AIM: To study the prevalence of H. pylori CagA strain and the activity of associated gastritis in schoolchildren of Tyva Republic (Russia). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cohorts had been formed out of 1064 native and alien schoolchildren picked up by random in Tyva Republic in the ages from 7 to 17 years. We determined IgG to H. pylori CagA antigen in serum (106 aliens and 112 natives). Out them 59 Tuvins and 72 Europoids with dyspeptic complaints were provided with endoscopic tests including biopsy of mucosa of antrum and stomach body. RESULTS: We had found ethnic peculiarities in the obtained indices in children, namely higher prevalence of the said strain of H. pylori and the absence of meaningful activity in antral sector and body of stomach in CagA-seropositive native children as compared to alien ones, in whom the activity of antral gastritis was higher than the activity in body of stomach.

Electron acceleration by few-cycle laser pulses with single-wavelength spot size.

Generation of relativistic electrons from the interaction of a laser pulse with a high density plasma foil, accompanied by an underdense preplasma in front of it, has been studied with two-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations for pulse durations comparable to a single cycle and for single-wavelength spot size. The electrons are accelerated predominantly in forward direction for a preplasma longer than the pulse length. Otherwise, both forward and backward electron accelerations occur. The primary mechanism responsible for electron acceleration is identified. Simulations show that the energy of the accelerated electrons has a maximum versus the pulse duration for relativistic laser intensities. The most effective electron acceleration takes place when the preplasma scale length is comparable to the pulse duration. Electron distribution functions have been found from PIC simulations. Their tails are well approximated by Maxwellian distributions with a hot temperature in the MeV range.

Surface oscillations in overdense plasmas irradiated by ultrashort laser pulses.

The generation of electron surface oscillations in overdense plasmas irradiated at normal incidence by an intense laser pulse is investigated. Two-dimensional (2D) particle-in-cell simulations show a transition from a planar, electrostatic oscillation at 2 omega, with omega the laser frequency, to a 2D electromagnetic oscillation at frequency omega and wave vector k > omega/c. A new electron parametric instability, involving the decay of a 1D electrostatic oscillation into two surface waves, is introduced to explain the basic features of the 2D oscillations. This effect leads to the rippling of the plasma surface within a few laser cycles, and is likely to have a strong impact on laser interaction with solid targets.

Small-scale electron density and magnetic-field structures in the wake of an ultraintense laser pulse.

We investigate the interaction of a high intensity ultrashort laser pulse with an underdense collisionless plasma in the regime where the Langmuir wake wave excited behind the laser pulse is loaded by fast particle beams, formed during the wake wave breaking. The beam loading causes the deterioration of the central part of the wake wave near the pulse axis, and the formation of bunches of sharply focalized ultrarelativistic electrons. The bunches of electrons generate a fast propagating magnetic field, which we interpret in terms of the magnetic component of the Lienard-Wiechert potential of a moving electric charge.