Voriconazole prophylaxis in leukemic patients: A retrospective single-center study.

BACKGROUND: Invasive fungal infections commonly occur in acute myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemia patients receiving chemotherapy. In these patients with acute leukemia, posaconazole prophylaxis is recommended; however, voriconazole may be a less costly alternative. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of voriconazole prophylaxis in acute leukemia patients. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of inpatients at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre between 2005 and 2017 was completed. Hospitalized adult acute leukemia patients who received voriconazole prophylaxis (cases) were compared to patients who received fluconazole or no prophylaxis during chemotherapy (controls). Statistical analyses comparing baseline characteristics, safety, and efficacy outcomes between the study cohorts were completed. A posaconazole literature-based weighted mean risk was compared to the voriconazole risk of invasive fungal infection identified in this study. RESULTS: Of 490 acute myeloid leukemia or acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients, 83 controls and 92 cases were eligible. Case patients received an average of 24.4 ± 10.8 days of voriconazole prophylaxis. The incidence of proven or probable invasive fungal infections with voriconazole was 3.3% (3/92) versus 7.2% (6/83) in the control cohort (p > 0.05) and was comparable to the literature reported weighted incidence of invasive fungal infection with posaconazole (2.4 ± 2.1%; 95% CI 1.3%-3.4%; p > 0.05). Voriconazole was well tolerated by patients (91%; 84/91; seven discontinued due to asymptomatic elevated liver function tests). CONCLUSIONS: Voriconazole prophylaxis was found to be safe, effective, and comparable to literature-based efficacy data for risk of invasive fungal infection with posaconazole antifungal prophylaxis in patients with acute leukemia undergoing chemotherapy and could represent a significant cost advantage.

Identifying barriers to medication discharge counselling by pharmacists.

BACKGROUND: Medication errors may occur more frequently at discharge, making discharge counselling a vital facet of medication reconciliation. Discharge counselling is a recognized patient safety initiative for which pharmacists have appropriate expertise, but data are lacking about the barriers to provision of this service to adult inpatients by pharmacists. OBJECTIVES: To determine the proportion of eligible patients who received discharge counselling, to quantify perceived barriers preventing pharmacists from performing discharge counselling, and to determine the relative frequency of barriers and associated time expenditures. METHODS: In this prospective study, 8 pharmacists working in general medicine, medical oncology, or nephrology wards of an acute care hospital completed a survey for each of the first 50 patients eligible for discharge counselling on their respective wards from June 2010 to February 2011. Patients discharged to another facility (rehabilitation, palliative care, or long-term care), those with hospital stay less than 48 h before discharge, and those whose medications were unchanged from hospital admission were ineligible. RESULTS: Discharge counselling was performed for 116 (29%) of the 403 eligible patients and involved a median preparation time of 25 min and median counselling time of 15 min per patient. At least one documented barrier to discharge counselling existed for 295 (73%) of the patients. Several barriers to discharge counselling occurred significantly more frequently on the general medicine and oncology wards than on the nephrology ward (p < 0.05). The most common barrier was failure to notify the pharmacist about impending patient discharge (130/313 [41%]). Time constraints existed for 130 (32%) of the patients, the most common related to clarification of prescriptions (96 [24%]), creation of a medication list (69 [17%]), and faxing of prescriptions (64 [16%]). CONCLUSION: This study generated objective data about the barriers to and time constraints associated with medication discharge counselling by pharmacists. These findings should raise awareness of the challenges faced by pharmacists in busy hospital positions and may support avenues of change for their hospital discharge counselling programs.

CONTEXTE: Les erreurs de médication peuvent être plus fréquentes lors du congé, ce qui fait de l'offre de conseils au moment du congé un élément essentiel du bilan comparatif des médicaments. L'offre de conseils au moment du congé est un service dont la valeur quant à la sécurité des patients est reconnue et pour lequel les pharmaciens possèdent l'expertise nécessaire. Toutefois il y a trop peu de données sur les éléments qui font obstacle à l'offre de ce service aux patients hospitalisés par les pharmaciens. OBJECTIFS: Définir quelle est la proportion de patients admissibles ayant obtenu des conseils au moment du congé, quantifier les éléments perçus comme des obstacles qui empêchent les pharmaciens d'offrir ce service et déterminer la fréquence relative des obstacles ainsi que les contraintes de temps qui y sont associées. MÉTHODES: Dans cette étude prospective, huit pharmaciens travaillant aux services de médecine générale, d'oncologie médicale ou de néphrologie dans un hôpital de soins de courte durée ont rempli un questionnaire pour chacun des 50 premiers patients admissibles à une offre de conseils au moment où ceux-ci prenaient congé de leurs services respectifs entre juin 2010 et février 2011. Les patients transférés dans un autre établissement (réadaptation, soins palliatifs ou soins de longue durée), ceux dont le séjour à l'hôpital était de moins de 48 h avant le congé et ceux dont la médication est demeurée inchangée pendant leur séjour à l'hôpital n'étaient pas admissibles. RÉSULTATS: Un service de conseils au moment du congé a été fourni à 116 (29 %) des 403 patients admissibles. Il nécessitait en moyenne un temps de préparation de 25 minutes et un temps d'offre de conseils de 15 minutes par patient. Au moins un obstacle à l'offre de conseils au moment du congé a été relevé pour 295 (73 %) patients. De multiples obstacles à l'offre de conseils étaient beaucoup plus fréquents aux services de médecine générale et d'oncologie qu'à celui de néphrologie (p < 0,05). Le plus fréquent était que l'on négligeait d'informer le pharmacien du congé imminent du patient (130/313 [41 %]). Des contraintes de temps ont été relevées pour 130 (32 %) patients, les raisons les plus courantes étant reliées à la clarification des ordonnances (96 [24 %]), à la création d'une liste de médicaments (69 [17 %]) et à la télécopie d'ordonnances (64 [16 %]). CONCLUSION: Cette étude a produit des données objectives sur les éléments qui font obstacle à la prestation par les pharmaciens de conseils en matière de médicament au moment du congé et sur les restrictions de temps qui y sont associées. Ces résultats devraient mieux faire connaître les problèmes auxquels font face les pharmaciens hospitaliers affairés et ils peuvent fournir des pistes de changement à leurs programmes de prestation de conseils au moment du congé. [Traduction par l'éditeur].

Water quality improvement after shifting of idol immersion site: a case study of Upper Lake, Bhopal, India.

Most of freshwater bodies all over the world are becoming polluted, thus decreasing the portability of the water. In India religious practices have deep relationship with water bodies. They also patronized religious practices and constructed numerous relatively small water bodies along with temples throughout the country. Today, with the rapid pace of urban development, most of these water bodies have become sinks for waste discharge, resulting in deterioration of their water quality. Upper Lake of Bhopal, constructed in the eleventh century, is typical example of urban water bodies and a major source of potable water for the people of Bhopal. Till the middle of the last century, the water of Upper Lake did not require any treatment before supply for drinking purposes. Idol worship is common in India. Idols are usually made up of wood, bamboo, straw, jute ropes, clay, and plaster of Paris and are painted with bright synthetic colors, which often contain heavy metals. Other materials, such as straw, jute ropes, flowers, leaves and germinated grains cause short-term deterioration of water quality on their decay, while heavy metals in the paints pose health hazards in the long-run. Religious issues are extremely sensitive and hence it was felt necessary to use the regard that the citizens had for the lake to build a consensus in support of change. The Bhoj Wetland Project was implemented with the aid of Japanese Bank of International Cooperation (JBIC) to take action for preserving the Upper Lake of Bhopal (called Bhoj Wetlands). Our study is highlighted to water quality parameters like turbidity, total hardness, DO (Dissolved oxygen), BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and heavy metals in the year 1999 and 2005 i.e. before implementation of project and completion of project.