LONG/TERM GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC DISORDERS IN PERSONS EXPOSED TO IONIZING RADIATION AND THEIR DESCENDANTS (review). / VIDDALENI GENETYChNI TA EPIGENETYChNI PORUShENNIa U OPROMINENYKh OSIB TA ÏKhNIKh NAShchADKIV (ogliad).

The review is devoted to long-term genetic and epigenetic disorders in exposed individuals and their descendants,namely to cytogenetic effects in the Chornobyl NPP accident clean-up workers and their children, DNA methylation as an epigenetic modification of human genome. Data presented in review expand the understanding of risk of the prolonged exposure for the present and future generations, which is one of key problems posed by fundamental radiation genetics and human radiobiology.

CYP2C19*2 gene variant (G681A, rs4244285) as a prognostic marker for the clinical course of multiple myeloma.

BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma (MM) is the most common type of paraproteinemic hemoblastosis, which is characterized by an aggressive course, high mortality and a large number of complications. The G681A variant (*2, rs4244285) of the CYP2C19 gene leads to the formation of an inactive enzyme and, as a consequence, may affect the development and course of MM. The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of the G681A variant of the CYP2C19 gene on the risk of the development of MM and its course. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study enrolled 158 patients with MM, who underwent standard clinical and laboratory studies: cytological, general clinical, biochemical, as well as molecular cytogenetic and molecular genetic. Cytogenetic analysis of chromosome abnormalities was performed using interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization. Genotyping by the G681A variant of the CYP2C19 gene was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: No association was found between the G681A variant of the CYP2C19 gene and the risk of developing MM. The association between the presence of the G allele and GG genotypes with significant changes in clinical and biochemical parameters (plasma cell count, α2-globulin, calcium content) in MM patients has been established. In the presence of the G allele of the CYP2C19 gene, the development of chromosomal rearrangements del(13q14.2) or del(13q34) with significantly increased levels of albumin occurs more frequently. CONCLUSIONS: The G681A variant of the CYP2C19 gene does not affect the risk of developing MM, but it is associated with significant changes in the clinical and biochemical parameters that determine the severity of the disease and its prognosis. Further research is important to develop new target strategies and maintenance therapy for carriers of different variants of the CYP2C19 gene (G681A).

[Clinical significance of erythrocyte phosphoenolpyruvate in elderly and senior patients with iron deficiency anemia].

The article presents a part of the study dealing with erythrocyte glycolysis observed in 29 elderly and senior patients with iron deficiency anemia. The accumulation of phosphoenolpyruvate which is high-energy product of glycolysis testifies that erythrocyte glycolytic reactions are further enhanced. The change in phosphoenolpyruvate content may reflect the restoration and normalization of erythropoiesis and testify the appearance of new forms of erythrocytes, in particular, reticulocytes with natural type of glycolysis and energy metabolism. Clinical significance of obtained data is discussed in the article.

[Prognostic value of tumour cell apoptosis in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. / Prohnostychne znachennia rivnia apoptozu pukhlynnykh klityn u khvorykh na B-klitynnu nekhodzhkins'ku zloiakisnu limfomu.

In the article the data about CD95 antigen, spontaneous and induced apoptosis level of tumour cells at the different stages of B-NHD are cited. The obtained data testify that the apoptosis level of tumour cells allows forecasting the progression of disease.

[Pathophysiological mechanisms of formation of iron deficiency states and modern approaches to administration of oral forms of iron preparations in their prophylaxis and treatment]. / Patofiziolohichni mekhanizmy formuvannia zalizodefitsytnykh staniv ta suchasni pidkhody do pryznachennia oral'nykh form preparativ zaliza dlia ïkh profilaktyky ta likuvannia.

In the review, modern conceptions are presented on mechanisms of formation of iron deficiency states and status of the problem of administration of pathogenetically validated treatment in iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is analyzed. A brief comparative analysis is given of iron-containing medicines used in Ukraine. Current principles of medical management of IDA are set forth. Under adequate treatment with making use of modern iron-containing medicinal agents one can achieve a positive clinical effect. Data are submitted on high efficacies and good tolerability of the hydroxidepolymaltose-based iron preparations to be employed in IDA.

[Reactions and complications caused by thrombocyte concentrate transfusions]. / Reaktsiï ta uskladennia, zumovleni zastosuvanniam kontsentratu trombotsytiv.

The review contains current data on complications developing in the wake of employing thrombocytes concentrate in clinical settings. Complication patterns are submitted, causes thereof are analyzed. Technical aspects are discussed of optimum measures to be implemented in transfusions of the thrombocytes concentrate.

[Clinical significance of serum levels of medium size molecules in patients with iron deficiency anemia]. / Klinichne znachennia vmistu molekul seredn'oï masy u syrovattsi krovi khvorykh iz zalizodefitsytnoiu anemiieiu.

Overall 45 patients (20 men and 25 women) with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) were examined. The content was measured of medium-size molecules (MSM) in the blood serum of patients with different degree IDA. The time-related course was followed of changes in MSM content during the course of treatment of the patients. The control group comprised 22 essentially healthy subjects. The blood serum content of MSM in IDA patients proved to be significantly higher as compared to healthy individuals (P < 0.001). Recordable in the patients was a significant IDA severity-related increase in MSM content. Clinical, diagnostic, and prognostic significance of MSM content in IDA patients is discussed. It is suggested that the foregoing biochemical criterion be used in a comprehensive assessment of degree of severity of the endogenous metabolic intoxication in patients with IDA.

[Clinical use of parenteral preparations of iron]. / Klinichne zastosuvannia parenteral'nykh preparativ zaliza.

The article contains an analytical review of medical literature concerning the use of parenteral preparations of iron in clinical practice. In recent years new effective and safe intravenous preparations of iron have come to be used in medical practice, with formulae developed to calculate a general bodily iron deficiency, ways for and doses of their administration. Indications for administration of intravenous preparations of iron have now been extended in a well-founded manner to include a wider variety of cases. In the present review, modern status of use of intravenous preparations of iron are discussed together with prospects of their employment in future.

[Effects of free blood histamine on gastric acid production in patients with certain forms of iron deficiency]. / Vplyv vil'nogo gistaminu krovi na stan kyslotoutvoriuval'noi funktsii tsilunka u khvorykh z deiakymy formamy zalizodefitsytnoi anemii.

The author submits data on changes in the blood plasma content of free histamine (FH) in 35 patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). In 25 patients IDA developed in the wake of chronic blood losses in peptic ulcer (PU)--group I. There were 12 cases presenting with non-PU concurrent IDA. The control group was 11 essentially healthy persons the same age as case patients. FH was measured with the aid of the fluorometry technique. In group I patients augmentation in the blood plasma content of FH was common as was increase in the basal secretion of hydrochloric acid. Group II patients demonstrated elevation in the blood plasma content of FH and decline in the basal secretion of hydrochloric acid.

[Significance of an assessment of medullary hematopoiesis and siderophilic bone marrow erythrokaryocytes in iron-deficiency anemia]. / Znachennia otsinky stanu kistkovomozkovoho krovotvorennia ta stupenia siderofiliï erytrokariotsytiv kistkovoho mozku pry zalizodefitsytnii anemiï.

The article presents data on changes in the myelogram in 17 patients with iron deficiency anemia. Practical significance is discussed of changes in the bone marrow indices and determination of degree of the bone marrow erythrocariocytes syderophilia. A conclusion is reached concerning changes in a number of parameters of the myelogram and count of syderoblasts in the bone marrow of those patients presenting with iron deficiency anemia.

[Iron metabolism: methods for the diagnosis of abnormalities. Current approaches for the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia. Review of the literature and case histories]. / Metabolizm zaliza ta metody diahnostyky ioho porushen'. Suchasni printsypy likuvannia zalizodefitsytnoï anemiï (ohliad literatury ta vlasni doslidzhennia).

The paper contains a concise summary of information now available concerning bodily iron metabolism in human beings. Consideration is given to mechanisms of formation of iron deficiency. An analysis of present-day methods of diagnosis of iron deficiency during different stages of its formation is given. A protocol-scheme for the drug aktiferrin to be employed in the patients has been developed, which fact permits normalizing indices for the peripheral red blood dispelling iron deficiency in those patients presenting with iron deficiency anemia. Pathogenetic mechanisms of disordered iron metabolism in the human organism are discussed together with correction thereof.

[Clinical classification of iron deficiency anemia]. / Klinichna klasyfikatsiia zalizodefitsytnoï anemiï.

Symptoms have been analyzed of clinical pleomorphism of iron deficiency anemia (IDA). In the examination of 89 patients with IDA, as example, a complex of secondary abnormalities of metabolism accompanying IDA clinical course is demonstrated. Based on the study of aspects of the clinical course, features of the peripheral blood, indices for iron metabolism, measuring of the blood content of lactic, pyruvic acids, free histamine, free serotonin, free heparin in the blood plasma a clinical classification has been elaborated detailing stages of the condition, basic clinical forms and complications. A classification of IDA is presented. Included in the above classification are stages of the above medical condition, its clinical forms and complications with diagnostic criteria and policy of dealing with IDA outlined. The use of such a classification ensures continuity of work among physicians when they come to deal with problems of diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of IDA in patients.

[An analysis of the immunity indices of patients with iron-deficiency anemia]. / Analiz pokaznykiv imunitetu u khvorykh iz zalizodefitsytnoiu anemiieiu.

The article gives an analysis of certain parameters characterizing cell-mediated and humoral immunity in patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). At the onset of treatment the immunologic vigor in IDA patients was characterized by a reduction in the relative number of T-lymphocytes and their helper subpopulation while after the treatments administered there was a rise in the relative numbers of B-lymphocytes against the background of presence of B-helper deficiency with the T-lymphocyte counts having returned to normal. Changes revealed in the T-lymphocyte system in IDA patients may suggest formation of early secondary immunodeficiency.

[Iron-deficiency anemia as one of the signs of the manifestation of a hypophyseal tumor]. / Zalizodefitsytna anemiia iak odna iz oznak manifestatsiï pukhlyny hipofiza.

A description is submitted of an atypical course of tumor of hypophysis, one of early manifestations of which condition was iron deficiency anemia and sings of hypothyrosis. Pathogenetic mechanisms are analyzed of formation of the anemic syndrome in hypophyseal tumors.

[Iron-deficiency anemia as a hematological mask of myxedema]. / Zalizodefitsytna anemiia iak hematolohichna maska miksedemy.

An atypical course of myxedema manifested by iron-deficiency anemia is described that proved to be a diagnostic challenge. Pathogenetic mechanisms of origination are analyzed.

[The histamine and serotonin levels in the blood plasma of diabetic patients]. / Soderzhanie gistamina i serotonina v plazme krovi bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom.

Fluorometry was done in 52 patients with diabetes mellitus to determine the blood plasma content of free histamine and free serotonin. The control group was 29 essentially healthy subjects. Significant increase was found out in free histamine during the stage of decompensation of diabetes mellitus (P < 0.01). With compensation of diabetes mellitus setting in, the content of histamine returns to normal (P < 0.01). The blood plasma level of free histamine can be used as an additional criterion in the assessment of compensation of diabetes mellitus. Free histamine is supposed to play an active part in the pathogenesis of diabetic angiopathies.

[The level of free histamine and free serotonin in the blood plasma in polycythemia vera]. / Soderzhanie svobodnogo gistamina i svobodnogo serotonina v plazme krovi pri istinnoi politsitemii.

Fluorimetric analysis was performed of blood plasma content of free histamine and free serotonin in 26 patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and 29 essentially healthy individuals. There has been established an elevation of blood plasma free histamine and free serotonin concentration in PV patients (p) as compared with those in healthy subjects. The ratio of free histamine: free serotonin in PV patients' blood plasma has gotten significantly decreased (p) as compared with the healthy individuals. The above findings might be regarded as reflecting metabolic disorders due to retardation of bloodflow and increase in viscosity of blood caused by augmentation of the mass of circulating erythrocytes in PV.

[Free histamine and free serotonin in the blood plasma in symptomatic respiratory erythrocytosis]. / Svobodnyi gistamin i svobodnyi serotonin v plazme krovi pri simptomaticheskom dykhatel'nom éritrotsitoze.

Fluorometric analysis was carried out of the blood plasma content of free histamin (FH) and free serotonin (FS) in 27 patients with chronic non-obstructive bronchitis (ChNB), 52 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis (ChOB) presenting with symptomatic erythrocytosis (SE) and in 29 normal subjects. Comparative analysis of the results obtained showed that in SE caused by ChOB the FH and FS content is significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in ChNB and in normal subjects. The FH content increases in SE with the augmentation in erythrocytosis. Positive dynamics was noted of FH and FS during the course of the disease treatment (p < 0.001).

[Biogenic amines in the differential diagnosis of erythrocytes]. / Biogennye aminy v differentsial'noi diagnostike éritrotsitov.

Free histamine (FH) and free serotonin (FS) were studied fluorometrically in blood serum of 26 patients with genuine polycythemia (GP), 52 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB) associated with secondary erythrocytosis (SE) and 29 healthy subjects. On the grounds of the results of the study criteria of GP and COB-related SE were suggested. Diagnosis of GP can be considered valid if content of FH is no more than 3.1 times, FS content no less than 3 times and FH/FS ratio is no more than 2.65 times as much as normal. Levels of FH and FS and FH/FS ratio in SE related to COB are characterized by 4-fold and more, 2.9 and less and 4.64 and more increase respectively.

[Disordered trace element content of the erythrocytes in diabetes mellitus]. / Narushenie soderzhaniia mikroélementov v éritrotsitakh pri sakharnom diabete.

Content of chemical elements (CE) in washed out erythrocytes was studied by nuclear-absorptive spectroscopy in 26 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), 26 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and 29 healthy subjects. It was established that erythrocytes in IDDM contain significantly less amounts of cuprum, manganese and cobalt than in healthy subjects, content of zinc being increased. Contents of iron, cuprum, manganese and zinc were found to be decreased in patients with NIDDM as compared to the control. During the conventional treatment erythrocytes of patients with IDDM revealed increase of cuprum content while in NIDDM rise in amounts of iron, manganese, cobalt and zinc was observed. Changes of erythrocytes CE content in diabetes mellitus are supposed to be of compensatory-adaptive nature, for decompensation of IDDM and NIDDM is associated with more pronounced CE dysbalance. Increased erythrocyte content of zinc in IDDM may be explained by uptake of prolonged insulin used for substituting treatment.