[Effect of excretion-secretion products of some fouling species on the biochemical parameters of blue mussel Mytilus edulis L. (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in the White Sea].

The effect of excretion-secretion products (ESP) of five abundant fouling invertebrate species (bivalve mollusks Hiatella arctica and Mytilus edulis, solitary ascidia Styela rustica, sponge Halichondria panicea, and sea starAsterias rubens, inhabiting the White Sea) on the biochemical status of blue mussel M. edulis was assessed by the dynamics of lysosomal enzymes activity (nucleases, glycoside hydrolases, and cathepsins). ESP of conspecific species had no effect on the metabolism of the mollusks of this species. ESP of A. rubens, S. rustica, and H. panicea activated the same enzymes. First, acid RNase and glycoside hydrolases activity increased, but in different ways. The metabolites of H. arctica affected the activity of proteometabolism enzymes.

[The effect of helminth invasion on lipid metabolism in amphipoda of the White Sea].

Comparative study of lipid metabolism parameters in amphipods (Gammaridae) of the White Sea infested by helminthes Podocotyle atomon (Trematoda), Levinseniella propinqua (Trematoda) and Hymenolepis microsoma (Cestoda) during different seasons was performed. It is shown that increase in the parameters of infestation induced amplification of the defense reaction of host organism, which exhibited itself by the shift in the contents of the basic membranous lipids and by the increased activity of membrane-bound enzymes, such as cytochrome P-450, at the level of the biochemical parameters examined. Since autumn increased content of phosphatidylcholine and ratio phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine in crustacean lipid composition was recorded. The role of phosphatidylcholine in the change of liquid-crystal state of membranes and its role as an effector of peroxidase activity of cytochrome P-450 in the amphipods infested by helminthes are discussed.

[Comparative study of bile-acid composition in the bile of the European vendace Coregonus albula L. and whitefish Coregonus lavaretus L. under conditions of technogenic water pollution].

Changes of the bile acid composition were studied in bile of the vendace Coregonus albula L. and the whitefish Coregonus lavaretus L. under effect of sewers of an ore mining and processing plant, the main pollutin agents of the sewers being heavy metals. The revealed variability of the bile acid composition indicates different species-related sensitivity to the studied pollutants as well as a lower resistance of males as compared with females to this type of pollution. Mechanisms of effects of industrial sewers on the bile formation processes and a possibility of using parameters of the steroid lipid metabolism at evaluation of the state of water ecosystems are discussed.

[A comparative biochemical research in the Schistocephalus solidus (Cestoda)--three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. system]. / Sravnitel'no-biokhimicheskie issledovaniia v sisteme Schistocephalus solidus (Cestoda)--koliushka trekhiglaia Gasterosteus aculeatus L.

The activity of five lysosomal hydrolases (acid phosphatase, DNAase, RNAase, beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase), alkaline phosphatase and aldolase have been examined in tissues of the cestode Schistocephalus solidus (Müller, 1776) and the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus (L.) forming a stable parasite-host system. As a rule, the activity of enzymes was higher in a cestode body than in fish tissues. The acid and alkaline phosphatases were the exception. The activity and variation of lysosomal nucleases and aldolase in the parasite differed notably from those in both infested and healthy hosts. The paper discusses the role of lysosomal and cytoplasmic enzymes in a cestode adaptation to parasitism, as well as in the mechanisms of the host's chemical and immunological response to infection.

[Determination of maximum permissible concentrations of industrial toxicants using the integral biochemical index]. / Ispol'zovanie integral'nogo biokhimicheskogo indeksa pri opredelenii predel'no dopustimykh kontsentratsii promyshlennykh toksikantov.

Effects of patented mixtures of substances, used as drilling fluids in petroleum industry, on the activity of enzymes (cathepsin D, EC 3.4.23.5; catalase, EC 1.11.1.6; and DNase, EC 3.1.4.6) and the content of analytes (malondialdehyde, fatty acids, free and collagen-associated hydroxyproline, bile acids, and total protein) in liver, gills, muscles, gonads, and bile have been studied under aquarium conditions in mature river flounder and one-year-old salmon for the purpose of determining maximum permissible concentrations. Measuring 25-30 independent biochemical parameters per organ is sufficient for establishing a direct relationship between the concentration of an industrial toxicant and the integral biochemical index, a new characteristic defined as the ratio of the number of biochemical parameters significantly deviating from control values to the total number of the parameters measured.

[Changes in the activity of trout lysosomal enzymes during fasting]. / Izmenenie aktivnosti fermentov lizosom u foreli pri golodanii.

Activity of lysosome enzymes (acidic phosphatase, beta-glucosidase, DNAase, RNAase and cathepsin D) is determined for its variation in different organs of rainbow trout during complete fasting. It is shown that the activity of most enzymes of concern almost in all organs except skeletal muscles is on the higher level in trouts fasted for 30 days than in the control ones. With an increase of the fasting term to 60 days the acid phosphatase, DNAase, RNAase activity decreases while the glucosidase and cathepsin D activity in some organs increases. Variations detected in the enzyme profile of the trout lysosomes under fasting are of adaptive character.