ABSTRACT
The article presents the course of meteorological droughts in Vistula subcatchments in years 1981-2010 and their influence on the occurrence of hydrological droughts. Using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) as an indicator of meteorological drought on the one hand and the Standardized Water-level Index (SWI) and Standardized Runoff Index (SRI) as indicators of hydrological drought on the other, the mutual relationships between precipitation conditions and hydrological conditions were evaluated, as well as the relationships between the two drought types. Studies were conducted for three cumulative periods of these indices, of 12, 24, and 48 months. It was determined that meteorological droughts occurred earliest in the north-western and central part of the basin, and latest in areas lying above 300 m a.s.l. and in the south of Poland. Total duration, depending on the cumulative period, for SPI comprised from 38 to 41% of the analyzed period and for SWI (35-47%) and SRI (24-51%). The strongest relationships were identified in the central part of the Vistula (0.8 < r < 0.85), while the weakest relationships were recorded in the foothill region (r < 0.5). There were also indicated non-climate-related factors influencing those relationships (underground reservoirs, diverse Vistula water resource usage for municipal and industrial intake).
Subject(s)
Droughts/statistics & numerical data , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Hydrology/methods , Meteorology/methods , Rain , Rivers , Poland , Water , Water ResourcesABSTRACT
Jaundice is a rare symptom of the HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count) and is diagnosed in only 5% of the patients with this condition. However jaundice is related with sever presentation of the disease and associated with higher mortality The aim of this paper was to present a case of 24-year-old patient with jaundice as the first symptom of severe HELLP syndrome. A review of the literature about symptoms and treatment of HELLP syndrome and differential diagnosis of jaundice in pregnancy was done as well.
Subject(s)
HELLP Syndrome/diagnosis , HELLP Syndrome/therapy , Jaundice, Obstructive/diagnosis , Jaundice, Obstructive/therapy , Pregnancy Outcome , Cesarean Section , Female , Humans , Jaundice, Obstructive/etiology , Pregnancy , Prenatal Diagnosis , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The psychosocial consequences of psychosis in the youth are educational negligence's, poor peer relations and difficulties in achieving life independency. MORS--the Stationary Model Centre of Sociopsychiatric Rehabilitation was created for overcoming these problems. AIM: To present the programme of rehabilitation and its effects in MORS. METHOD: The evaluation was performed in 18 of the 26 young persons being admitted to MORS in the years 2006-2008. Structured Questionnaires of past history for the staff and clients, the SOC-29 and KIDscreen -52 scales were used. RESULTS: A significant number of young people from incomplete families, and/or families burdened with parental mental health problems was noticeable. The best effects were achieved in compensating for educational negligence's, and improving the social and life skills. The self estimation of health and life satisfaction was lower in the youth clients on discharge from MORS than in the general population. CONCLUSIONS: According to retrospective evaluation, the stationary programme of psychosocial rehabilitation in MORS seems to be effective in youths with psychotic disorders and difficulties in social functioning. Further development, and prospective evaluation of that programme would be valuable. Social support in local communities for the youth being discharged from MORS is needed.
