Accelerometer-Measured Daily Behaviors That Mediate the Association Between Refractive Status and Depressive Disorders.

Purpose: To identify the accelerometer-measured daily behaviors that mediate the association of refractive status with depressive disorders and enhance the understanding of behavioral differences in depression. Methods: Participants with baseline mean spherical equivalent (MSE) and 7-day accelerometer measurements from the UK Biobank were included in this cohort study. Refractive status was categorized as hyperopia and non-hyperopia. Four daily behaviors, including moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), sedentary, and sleep were recorded between 2013 and 2015. We also assessed 24-hour behavior patterns. Depression cases were defined through both questionnaires and hospital records over 10 years of follow-up. Results: Among 20,607 individuals, every 0.5-diopter increase in MSE was associated with a 6% higher risk of depressive disorders, with hyperopia participants at a higher risk than non-hyperopia participants (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.23; P = 0.001). MVPA and sleep time significantly correlated with depressive disorders, with odds ratios of 0.79 and 1.14 (P < 0.05). MSE showed significant correlations with all four behaviors. The effects of MVPA and sleep duration on MSE and depressive disorders varied throughout the day. Mediation analyses showed that MVPA and sleep partially mediated the relationship between MSE and depressive disorders, with 35.2% of the association between moderate to high hyperopia and depression mediated by MVPA. Conclusions: Physical activity and sleep significantly mediate the relationship between MSE and depressive disorders. Translational Relevance: The mediation effect of MVPA highlights its therapeutic potential in reducing the risk of depression among individuals with moderate to severe hyperopia. Interventions aimed at increasing daytime MVPA and decreasing daytime sleep could enhance mental health in this vulnerable group.

Intraoperative application of low-dose dexmedetomidine or lidocaine for postoperative analgesia in pediatric patients following craniotomy: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Postoperative pain is a common occurrence in pediatric patients following craniotomy, often leading to negative outcomes. Intravenous dexmedetomidine and lidocaine are commonly used adjuvant medicines in general anesthesia to reduce perioperative opioid consumption and relieve postoperative pain in adults. While they show promise for use in pediatrics, the evidence of their application in pediatric craniotomy patients is limited. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effects of dexmedetomidine and lidocaine on postoperative pain in pediatric patients following craniotomy. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, single-center trial on children scheduled for craniotomy. The 255 recruited participants aged 1-12 years were randomly assigned to intraoperatively receive a loading intravenous dose of either dexmedetomidine 1 µg·kg-1 or lidocaine 2 mg·kg-1 or normal saline for 15 min followed by dexmedetomidine 0.5 µg·kg-1·h-1 or lidocaine 1 mg·kg-1·h-1 or normal saline until the sutures of endocranium were completed. The primary outcome was the cumulative sufentanil consumption within 24 h post-surgery. Results: A total of 241 patients were included in the statistical analysis. The primary outcome did not show any significant differences among the three groups (median (IQR) lidocaine group: 3.36 (1.32-5.64) µg vs. dexmedetomidine group: 3.12 (1.36-6.39) µg vs. control group 3.46 (1.77-7.62) µg, p = 0.485). Among the secondary outcomes, there was a statistically significant but small reduction in sufentanil consumption within 2 h, postoperative FLACC/WBFS/NRS pain scores within 4 h after surgery and postoperative Ramsay sedation scores in dexmedetomidine group (p < 0.05). Regarding postoperative complications, the incidence of electrolyte disturbance within 24 and 48 h after surgery was significantly higher in control group compared to the other two groups. There were no significant differences in intraoperative opioid consumption, postoperative frequency of remedy medication, or length of hospitalization among the three groups. No adverse events related to lidocaine or dexmedetomidine were observed. Conclusions: There were no significant differences in the primary outcome among the three groups. Although dexmedetomidine showed some benefits in reducing postoperative opioid consumption within the first 2 h and pain intensity within the first 4 h post-surgery, these findings should be interpreted with caution. Further research is required to comprehensively assess the outcomes and determine the optimal administration strategy. Clinical Trial Registration: [http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx], identifier [ChiCTR1800019411].

Association of retinal age gap with chronic kidney disease and subsequent cardiovascular disease sequelae: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study from the UK Biobank.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is more prevalent in older adults. Retinal age gap, a biomarker of aging based on fundus images, has been previously developed and validated. This study aimed to investigate the association of retinal age gap with CKD and subsequent CVD complications. Methods: A deep learning model was trained to predict the retinal age using 19 200 fundus images of 11 052 participants without any medical history at baseline. Retinal age gap, calculated as retinal age predicted minus chronological age, was calculated for the remaining 35 906 participants. Logistic regression models and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for the association analysis. Results: A total of 35 906 participants (56.75 ± 8.04 years, 55.68% female) were included in this study. In the cross-sectional analysis, each 1-year increase in retinal age gap was associated with a 2% increase in the risk of CKD prevalence [odds ratio 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.04, P = .012]. A longitudinal analysis of 35 039 participants demonstrated that 2.87% of them developed CKD in follow-up, and each 1-year increase in retinal age gap was associated with a 3% increase in the risk of CKD incidence (hazard ratio 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.05, P = .004). In addition, a total of 111 CKD patients (15.81%) developed CVD in follow-up, and each 1-year increase in retinal age gap was associated with a 10% increase in the risk of incident CVD (hazard ratio 1.10, 95% CI 1.03-1.17, P = .005). Conclusions: We found that retinal age gap was independently associated with the prevalence and incidence of CKD, and also associated with CVD complications in CKD patients. This supports the use of this novel biomarker in identifying individuals at high risk of CKD and CKD patients with increased risk of CVD.

Synergistic solidification and mechanism research of electrolytic manganese residue and coal fly ash based on C-A-S-H gel material.

Electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) is known for high concentrations of Mn2+, NH4+, and heavy metals. Failure to undergo benign treatment and landfill disposal would undeniably lead to negative impacts on the quality of the surrounding ecological environment. This study sought to mitigate the latent environmental risks associated with EMR using a cooperative solidification/stabilization (S/S) method involving coal fly ash (CFA). Leveraging leaching toxicity tests, the leaching behavior of pollutants in electrolytic manganese residue-based geopolymer materials (EMRGM) was determined. At the same time, mechanistic insights into S/S processes were explored utilizing characterization techniques such as XRF, XRD, FT-IR, SEM-EDS, and XPS. Those results confirmed significant reductions in the leaching toxicities of Mn2+ and NH4+ to 4.64 µg/L and 0.99 mg/L, respectively, with all other heavy metal ions falling within the permissible limits set by relevant standards. Further analysis shows that most of NH4+ volatilizes into the air as NH3, and a small part is fixed in the EMRGM in the form of struvite; in addition to being oxidized to MnOOH and MnO2, Mn2+ will also be adsorbed and wrapped by silicon-aluminum gel together with other heavy metal elements in the form of ions or precipitation. This research undeniably provides a solid theoretical foundation for the benign treatment and resourceful utilization of EMR and CFA, two prominent industrial solid wastes.

Nanotherapeutics targeting autophagy regulation for improved cancer therapy.

The clinical efficacy of current cancer therapies falls short, and there is a pressing demand to integrate new targets with conventional therapies. Autophagy, a highly conserved self-degradation process, has received considerable attention as an emerging therapeutic target for cancer. With the rapid development of nanomedicine, nanomaterials have been widely utilized in cancer therapy due to their unrivaled delivery performance. Hence, considering the potential benefits of integrating autophagy and nanotechnology in cancer therapy, we outline the latest advances in autophagy-based nanotherapeutics. Based on a brief background related to autophagy and nanotherapeutics and their impact on tumor progression, the feasibility of autophagy-based nanotherapeutics for cancer treatment is demonstrated. Further, emerging nanotherapeutics developed to modulate autophagy are reviewed from the perspective of cell signaling pathways, including modulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, autophagy-related (ATG) and its complex expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitophagy, interference with autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and inhibition of hypoxia-mediated autophagy. In addition, combination therapies in which nano-autophagy modulation is combined with chemotherapy, phototherapy, and immunotherapy are also described. Finally, the prospects and challenges of autophagy-based nanotherapeutics for efficient cancer treatment are envisioned.

Habitual use of glucosamine and adverse liver outcomes among patients with type 2 diabetes and MASLD.

BACKGROUND: Glucosamine is a dietary supplement commonly used to support joint health. However, there has been interest in exploring other effects of glucosamine on health outcomes due to its ant-inflammation effect. OBJECTIVE: This study compared the risks of major adverse liver outcomes (MALOs) between regular users and non-users of glucosamine among patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) using the data from a large prospective cohort study. METHODS: Demographic, anthropometric, laboratory and medication prescription information among 18 753 patients with type 2 diabetes and MASLD was obtained from the UK Biobank. MASLD was identified based on hepatic steatosis defined by fatty liver index ≥60 plus the presence of any clues of metabolic dysregulation and cardio-metabolic risk factors, excluding patients with moderate to severe alcohol consumption. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 11.4 years, 826 incident MALOs events were recorded. Patients not regularly using glucosamine compared with patients using glucosamine showed a significantly higher risk of the composite MALOs (HR 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-1.69) as well as most individual MALOs except for ascites. The multivariable-adjusted HRs of MALOs within 3, 5 and 10 years among non-users of glucosamine compared with regular users were 1.79 (95% CI .69-2.03), 1.88 (95% CI 1.21-2.54) and 1.32 (95% CI 1.05-1.72), respectively. Further subgroup analyses in participants with different baseline characteristics and sensitivity analyses excluding participants who regularly took any other supplements and participants who used self-reports to diagnose diabetes confirmed the findings. CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicated that habitual use of glucosamine was associated with a low risk of individual and composite MALOs among patients with type 2 diabetes and MASLD.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteomics Identifies Potential Biomarkers for Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) exhibits a notable degree of heterogeneity as compared to late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). The proteins and pathways contributing to the pathophysiology of EOAD still need to be completed and elucidated. Objective: Using correlation network analysis and machine learning to analyze cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomics data to identify potential biomarkers and pathways associated with EOAD. Methods: We employed mass spectrometry to conduct CSF proteomic analysis using the data-independent acquisition method in a Chinese cohort of 139 CSF samples, including 40 individuals with normal cognition (CN), 61 patients with EOAD, and 38 patients with LOAD. Correlation network analysis of differentially expressed proteins was performed to identify EOAD-associated pathways. Machine learning assisted in identifying crucial proteins differentiating EOAD. We validated the results in an Western cohort and examined the proteins expression by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in additional 9 EOAD, 9 LOAD, and 9 CN samples from our cohort. Results: We quantified 2,168 CSF proteins. Following adjustment for age and sex, EOAD exhibited a significantly greater number of differentially expressed proteins than LOAD compared to CN. Additionally, our data indicates that EOAD may exhibit more pronounced synaptic dysfunction than LOAD. Three potential biomarkers for EOAD were identified: SH3BGRL3, LRP8, and LY6 H, of which SH3BGRL3 also accurately classified EOAD in the Western cohort. LY6 H reduction was confirmed via ELISA, which was consistent with our proteomic results. Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive profile of the CSF proteome in EOAD and identifies three potential EOAD biomarker proteins.

Knockdown of EIF2AK2-OAS1 axis reduces ATP production inducing AMPK phosphorylation to inhibit the malignant behavior of gastric cancer cells.

Energy metabolism has always been a hot topic in cancer progression and targeted therapy, and exploring the role of genes in energy metabolic pathways in cancer cells has become key to address this issue. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α kinase 2 (EIF2AK2) plays regulatory roles in cancer and disorders of energy metabolism. Indeed, the role of EIF2AK2 in energy metabolism has been underestimated. The aim of this study is to reveal the expression specificity of EIF2AK2 in gastric cancer (GC) progression and metastasis, and to demonstrate the role of EIF2AK2 in energy metabolism, cytoskeleton, proliferation, death and metastasis pathways in GC cells. Mechanistically, EIF2AK2 overexpression promoted cytoskeleton remodeling and ATP production, mediated cell proliferation and metastasis, upregulated OAS1 expression, decreases p-AMPK expression and inhibited apoptosis in GC cells. Conversely, knockdown of EIF2AK2 resulted in the opposite effect. However, overexpression of OAS1 mediated the upregulation of mitochondrial membrane potential and promoted ATP production and NAD+/NADH ratio, but knockdown of OAS1 inhibited the above effects. In addition, knockdown of OAS1 had no effect on EIF2AK2 expression, but inhibited AMPK and upregulated p-AMPK expression. In conclusion, our study identified EIF2AK2 and OAS1 as previously undescribed regulators of energy metabolism in GC cells. We hypothesized that EIF2AK2-OAS1 axis may regulate energy metabolism and inhibit cellular malignant behavior in cancer cells by affecting ATP production to induce AMPK phosphorylation, suggesting EIF2AK2 as a potential therapeutic target for cancer cell progression.

Ultrafast photophysics of an orange-red thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter: the role of external structural restraint.

The application of thermally activated delay fluorescence (TADF) emitters in the orange-red regime usually suffers from the fast non-radiative decay of emissive singlet states (kSNR), leading to low emitting efficiency in corresponding organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices. Although kSNR has been quantitatively described by energy gap law, how ultrafast molecular motions are associated with the kSNR of TADF emitters remains largely unknown, which limits the development of new strategies for improving the emitting efficiency of corresponding OLED devices. In this work, we employed two commercial TADF emitters (TDBA-Ac and PzTDBA) as a model system and attempted to clarify the relationship between ultrafast excited-state structural relaxation (ES-SR) and kSNR. Spectroscopic and theoretical investigations indicated that S1/S0 ES-SR is directly associated with promoting vibrational modes, which are considerably involved in electronic-vibrational coupling through the Huang-Rhys factor, while kSNR is largely affected by the reorganization energy of the promoting modes. By restraining S1/S0 ES-SR in doping films, the kSNR of TADF emitters can be greatly reduced, resulting in high emitting efficiency. Therefore, by establishing the connection among S1/S0 ES-SR, promoting modes and kSNR of TADF emitters, our work clarified the key role of external structural restraint for achieving high emitting efficiency in TADF-based OLED devices.

Effect of Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index on Longitudinal Fetal Growth and Mediating Role of Maternal Fasting Plasma Glucose: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: To assess the impact of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) on longitudinal fetal growth, and the potential mediation effect of the maternal fasting plasma glucose in first trimester. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we collected pre-pregnancy BMI data and ultrasound measurements during pregnancy of 3879 singleton pregnant women who underwent antenatal examinations and delivered at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Generalized estimation equations, linear regression, and logistic regression were used to examine the association between pre-pregnancy BMI with fetal growth and adverse neonatal outcomes. Mediation analyses were also used to examine the mediating role of maternal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in first trimester. Results: A per 1 Kg/m² increase in pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with increase fetal body length Z-score (ß 0.010, 95% CI 0.001, 0.019) and fetal body weight (ß 0.017, 95% CI 0.008, 0.027). In mid pregnancy, pre-pregnancy BMI also correlated with an increase Z-score of fetal abdominal circumference, femur length (FL). Pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with an increased risk of large for gestational age and macrosomia. Mediation analysis indicated that the associations between pre-pregnancy BMI and fetal weight in mid and late pregnancy, and at birth were partially mediated by maternal FPG in first trimester (mediation proportion: 5.0%, 8.3%, 1.6%, respectively). Conclusion: Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with the longitudinal fetal growth, and the association was partly driven by maternal FPG in first trimester. The study emphasized the importance of identifying and managing mothers with higher pre-pregnancy BMI to prevent fetal overgrowth.

Preoperatively predicting the lymph node metastasis and prognosis for gastric cancer patients.

The preoperative distinguishment of lymph nodes (LN) with metastasis plays a pivotal role in guiding the surgical extension for gastric cancer (GC). We aim to identify the preparative risk factors for LN metastasis in GC patients. We retrospectively reviewed 424 patients who underwent radical GC resection in our medical center between Jan 2011 and Dec 2018. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to identify risk factors for LN metastasis, while multivariate COX regression was utilized to evaluate prognostic factors. The median overall survival of patients with or without LN metastases was 31 and 58 months, respectively. In multivariate analysis, lower albumin (OR = 0.512; P = 0.004) and prealbumin (OR = 0.367, P = 0.001) and higher CEA (OR = 3.178, P < 0.001), CA199 (OR = 2.278, P = 0.002) and platelets (OR = 1.697, P = 0.017) were found to be significantly associated with LN metastasis. In survival analysis, older age (HR = 1.712), larger tumors (HR = 1.082), higher D-dimer (HR = 1.561) and CA199 (HR = 1.553), advanced staging (stage II, HR = 3.446; stage III-IV, HR = 11.089), lower prealbumin levels (lower level for reference, HR = 0.63), and absence of adjuvant chemotherapy (HR = 0.396) was discovered to be associated with poorer overall survival (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results demonstrated that preoperative prealbumin-bound tumor markers can effectively predict LN metastasis. Additionally, prealbumin was found to possess prognostic value as well.

Water-in-oil Pickering emulsion using ergosterol as an emulsifier solely.

As a crucial component of the fungal cell membranes, ergosterol has been demonstrated to possess surface activity attributed to its hydrophobic region and polar group. However, further investigation is required to explore its emulsification behavior upon migration to the oil-water interface. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the interface properties of ergosterol as a stabilizer for water in oil (W/O) emulsion. Moreover, the emulsion prepared under the optimal conditions was utilized to load the water-soluble bioactive substance with the chlorogenic acid as the model molecules. Our results showed that the contact angle of ergosterol was 117.017°, and its dynamic interfacial tension was obviously lower than that of a pure water-oil system. When the ratio of water to oil was 4: 6, and the content of ergosterol was 3.5 % (ergosterol/oil phase, w/w), the W/O emulsion had smaller particle size (438 nm), higher apparent viscosity, and better stability. Meanwhile, the stability of loaded chlorogenic acid was improved under unfavorable conditions (pH 1.2, 90 °C, ultraviolet irradiation, and oxidation), which were 73.87 %, 59.53 %, 62.53 %, and 69.73 %, respectively. Additionally, the bioaccessibility of chlorogenic acid (38.75 %) and ergosterol (33.69 %), and the scavenging rates of the emulsion on DPPH radicals (81.00 %) and hydroxyl radicals (82.30 %) were also enhanced. Therefore, a novel W/O Pickering emulsion was prepared in this work using ergosterol as an emulsifier solely, which has great potential for application in oil-based food and nutraceutical formulations.

Associations between parental autonomy support and depressive symptoms among Chinese college students: the chain-mediating effects of mindfulness and self-esteem.

Introduction: Despite extensive research on contextual factors will relieve college students' depressive symptoms, significant gaps remain in understanding the underlying mechanisms of this relationship, particularly through individual strength factors such as mindfulness and self-esteem. Based on self-determination theory, we explore the association between parental autonomy support and depressive symptoms among Chinese college students and whether mindfulness and self-esteem serve as mediators. Methods: A total of 1,182 Chinese college students aged 16 to 27 years (Mage = 20.33, SD = 1.63; female = 55.7%) participated in this research. Questionnaires pertaining to parental autonomy support, mindfulness, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms were administered. Results: The results revealed that depressive symptoms were negatively correlated with both paternal and maternal autonomy support, with mindfulness and self-esteem acting as chain-mediators. Specifically, mindfulness and self-esteem were positively impacted by parental autonomy support, whereas depressive symptoms were negatively impacted by mindfulness and self-esteem. Furthermore, paternal and maternal autonomy support significantly impacted depressive symptoms via both direct and indirect pathways. Indirect effects included three paths: mediation through mindfulness, mediation through self-esteem, and mediation through the mindfulness and self-esteem chain. Discussion: The study highlights the fundamental mechanisms that account for the association between Chinese college students' parental autonomy support and depressive symptoms, these insights can be used to prevent and manage mental health problems among Chinese college students. For example, parents' autonomy support can directly reduce depressive symptoms, but we can also indirectly promote college students' mental health by emphasizing the mediation role of students' mindfulness and self-esteem.

Continuous glucose monitoring profile in COVID-19 patients with and without diabetes receiving methylprednisolone.

PURPOSE: Methylprednisolone is widely used during the COVID-19 epidemic. We aimed to evaluate the glucose profile of COVID-19 patients with and without diabetes receiving methylprednisolone. METHODS: 36 patients with COVID-19 admitted to hospital were included: 17 with and 19 without diabetes. Methylprednisolone 40 mg was administered at about 9:00 a.m. Glucose levels were assessed by blinded intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) for an average of 6.8 ± 2.4 days. Excess hyperglycemia was defined as time above range (TAR) > 10.0 mmol/L (TAR>10.0) ≥ 25%, or TAR > 13.9 mmol/L (TAR>13.9) ≥ 10%. RESULTS: Glucose management indicator (GMI) was significantly higher than the admission glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level in patients without diabetes [6.7 (6.1-7.0) % vs. 5.9 (5.9-6.1) %, P < 0.001], while no significant difference was found in patients with diabetes [9.0 (7.5-9.5) % vs. 8.9 (7.5-10.2) %, P > 0.05]. The difference between GMI and HbA1c (∆GMI-HbA1c) in patients without diabetes was significantly higher than in patients with diabetes [0.7 (0.2-1.0) % vs. -0.2 (-1.5-0.5) %, P = 0.005]. The circadian patterns of glucose were similar in the two groups. In patients without diabetes, excess hyperglycemia occurred in 31.6% (6/19) of participants, with 31.6% (6/19) having a TAR>10.0 ≥ 25%, while 21.1% (4/19) had a TAR>13.9 ≥ 10%. CONCLUSION: The impact of methylprednisolone on glycemia was more pronounced in COVID-19 patients without diabetes, compared to those with diabetes. A significant burden of methylprednisolone-induced hyperglycemia was observed in patients without diabetes.

Characteristics of bioaerosol emissions from a municipal wastewater treatment plant: Health risk assessment and microbial composition.

Bioaerosols released from municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTPs) contain pathogenic microorganisms, if dispersed into the atmosphere, which pose potential health risks to humans. In this study, the concentrations and size distribution of bioaerosol, factors on the bioaerosol emission, exposure risk, and microbial composition in different treatment units of a MWWTP were investigated. The results showed that bioaerosol was released to different degrees in each treatment unit, with the concentrations of bioaerosol varied widely, ranging from 978 to 3710 CFU/m3. FG and PST were primary bioaerosol emission sources in MWWTP. COD concentration, wind speed (WS) and relative humidity (RH) significantly influenced bioaerosol concentrations. The proportion of inhalable particles (< 4.7 µm) ranged from 51.35 % to 83.33 %, and bioaerosol emitted from WWTP caused a non-carcinogenic risk to children by the exposure risk assessment (HI > 1), which need to be paid more attention. Bacterial, fungal and actinomycete aerosols were detected in each treatment unit of MWWTP. Among these bioaerosols, bacterial aerosol was dominant. Importantly, several pathogenic bacteria including Sphingobium, Brevundimonas, Romboutsia, Arcobacter, Acinetobacter, and Mycobacterium were identified within the airborne bacteria population, most of which originated from wastewater or sludge, particularly in the ambient air of AeT. Pathogenic bacteria from MWWTP should be studied further to determine their long-term behavior and possible health risks.

Design and Fabrication of a Film Bulk Acoustic Wave Filter for 3.0 GHz-3.2 GHz S-Band.

Film bulk acoustic-wave resonators (FBARs) are widely utilized in the field of radio frequency (RF) filters due to their excellent performance, such as high operation frequency and high quality. In this paper, we present the design, fabrication, and characterization of an FBAR filter for the 3.0 GHz-3.2 GHz S-band. Using a scandium-doped aluminum nitride (Sc0.2Al0.8N) film, the filter is designed through a combined acoustic-electromagnetic simulation method, and the FBAR and filter are fabricated using an eight-step lithographic process. The measured FBAR presents an effective electromechanical coupling coefficient (keff2) value up to 13.3%, and the measured filter demonstrates a -3 dB bandwidth of 115 MHz (from 3.013 GHz to 3.128 GHz), a low insertion loss of -2.4 dB, and good out-of-band rejection of -30 dB. The measured 1 dB compression point of the fabricated filter is 30.5 dBm, and the first series resonator burns out first as the input power increases. This work paves the way for research on high-power RF filters in mobile communication.

DDLA: a double deep latent autoencoder for diabetic retinopathy diagnose based on continuous glucose sensors.

The current diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy is based on fundus images and clinical experience. However, considering the ineffectiveness and non-portability of medical devices, we aimed to develop a diagnostic model for diabetic retinopathy based on glucose series data from the wearable continuous glucose monitoring system. Therefore, this study developed a novel method, i.e., double deep latent autoencoder, for exploring glycemic variability influence from multi-day glucose data for diabetic retinopathy. Specifically, the model proposed in this research could encode continuous glucose sensor data with non-continuous and variable length via the integration of a data reorganization module and a novel encoding module with fragmented-missing-wise objective function. Additionally, the model implements a double deep autoencoder, which integrated convolutional neural network, long short-term memory, to jointly capturing the inter-day and intra-day glucose latent features from glucose series. The effectiveness of the proposed model is evaluated through a cross-validation method to clinical datasets of 765 type 2 diabetes patients. The proposed method achieves the highest accuracy value (0.89), precision value (0.88), and F1 score (0.73). The results suggest that our model can be used to remotely diagnose and screen for diabetic retinopathy by learning potential features of glucose series data collected by wearable continuous glucose monitoring systems.

[The impact of phenolic compounds on pig fat deposition].

The quantity and distribution of fat deposits are crucial factors that impact the quality of pork. Recent studies have indicated that the utilization of natural ingredients plays a significant role in decreasing subcutaneous and visceral fat deposits, as well as enhancing intramuscular fat. Moreover, natural products possess several advantages including being environmentally friendly, safe, free of additives, and leaving no residue. Phenolic compounds derived from fruits, vegetables and herbs constitute of vital component of these natural ingredients. This article examines the influence of phenolic compounds on pig fat deposition, aiming to provide guidance on the utilization of such compounds to regulate fat deposition and enhance pork quality.

Mediating effect of gestational weight gain on the preventive effect of exercise during pregnancy on macrosomia: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the impact of individualized exercise guidance during pregnancy on the incidence of macrosomia and the mediating effect of gestational weight gain (GWG). DESIGN: A prospective randomized clinical trial. SETTING: A Hospital in Xingtai District, Hebei Province. POPULATION: Older than 20 years of age, mid-pregnancy, and singleton pregnant women without contraindications to exercise during pregnancy. METHODS: A randomized clinical trial was conducted from December 2021 to September 2022 to compare the effects of standard prenatal care with individualized exercise guidance on the incidence of macrosomia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Incidence of macrosomia. RESULTS: In all, 312 singleton women were randomized into an intervention group (N = 162) or a control group (N = 150). Participants who received individualized exercise guidance had a significantly lower incidence of macrosomia (3.73% vs. 13.61%, P = 0.002) and infants large for gestational age (9.94% vs. 19.73%, P = 0.015). However, no differences were observed in the rate of preterm birth (1.86% vs. 3.40%, P = 0.397) or the average gestational age at birth (39.14 ± 1.51 vs. 38.69 ± 1.85, P = 0.258). Mediation analysis revealed that GWG mediated the effect of exercise on reducing the incidence of macrosomia. CONCLUSION: Individualized exercise guidance may be a preventive tool for macrosomia, and GWG mediates the effect of exercise on reducing the incidence of macrosomia. However, evidence does not show that exercise increases the rate of preterm birth or affects the average gestational age at birth. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial is registered at www.clinicaltrails.gov [registration number: NCT05760768; registration date: 08/03/2023 (retrospectively registered)].