An unusual case of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia-A case report.

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a fibro-osseous lesion where normal bone and marrow is replaced with fibrous tissue, resulting in formation of bone that is weak and prone to expansion. It is classified according to the number of affected bones, and its association to endocrine alterations, that is, monostotic (80-85%), polyostotic forms (20-30%), and Albright's disease. Involvement of two or more bones is termed as polyostotic FD, a relatively uncommon condition. Here we report a rare case of polyostotic FD involving facial bones, orbital bones, sphenoid bone, and spine in a 21-year-old male patient.

A review on brain tumor segmentation of MRI images.

The process of segmenting tumor from MRI image of a brain is one of the highly focused areas in the community of medical science as MRI is noninvasive imaging. This paper discusses a thorough literature review of recent methods of brain tumor segmentation from brain MRI images. It includes the performance and quantitative analysis of state-of-the-art methods. Different methods of image segmentation are briefly explained with the recent contribution of various researchers. Here, an effort is made to open new dimensions for readers to explore the concerned area of research. Through the entire review process, it has been observed that the combination of Conditional Random Field (CRF) with Fully Convolutional Neural Network (FCNN) and CRF with DeepMedic or Ensemble are more effective for the segmentation of tumor from the brain MRI images.

Haemangioendothelioma of Oral Cavity: A Rare Entity with Unusual Location.

Hemangioendothelioma is a rare, locally aggressive vascular tumor, originating from soft tissue, bone, skin, and organs such as liver or lung and exceptionally the oral cavity. It is usually benign but can show variable grades of malignancy. Most of the cases of oral epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas are asymptomatic, and diagnosis is hampered by the fact that the histological features somewhat overlap with hemangioma and angiosarcoma, with epithelioid cells, intracytoplasmic vacuoles, low mitotic activity, and rarely necrosis. Immunohistochemical analysis is required to rule out carcinoma or other epithelioid vascular neoplasms. Here, we report a very rare case of oral haemangioendothelioma in a 41-year female patient which presented as an exophytic, painless, mass on the labial gingiva, clinically diagnosed as pyogenic granuloma, which presented a diagnostically challenging histological picture, which required immunohistochemistry to achieve at the correct diagnosis.

An Innovative Method to Determine the Width of Maxillary Anterior Teeth with the Help of Measurements Obtained from the Master Cast.

AIM: Analyse the correlation between the measurements made from the landmarks on the cast and the width of the anterior teeth in dentulous study subjects and assessed whether a similar correlation exists in edentulous condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Measurements were made on the cast of dentulous and edentulous subjects. The measurements made were, from incisive papilla to the right hamular notch, from incisiv e papilla to left hamular notch and distance between two hamular notches. After measuring these distances, the predicted value was calculated by taking mean of these three distances. The actual value in both the groups was measured with a flexible ruler. The mean and standard deviation of both groups were calculated. Results were analyzed with correlation and regression analysis. RESULTS: The analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between actual and predicted values in both dentulous and edentulous group of study subjects (p-value <0.01). As the actual value increased in both the groups, the predicted value also increased. So the actual value can be derived with the help of predicted value which will be useful in selecting the proper tooth mold size of the maxillary teeth for edentulous patients. CONCLUSION: A positive correlation exists between the width of the maxillary teeth (actual value) and mean of the distance (predicted value) between the right hamular notch and incisive papilla, left hamular notch and incisive papilla and interhamular distance in dentate subjects. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The results obtained from the present study will be helpful for selecting the proper teeth mold size along with other teeth selection methods. Further studies are required to derive a more scientific and reliable method for anterior teeth selection.