ABSTRACT
Background: Annatto was obtained from seed B orellana (urucum) and is commonly used in food and cosmetic industries. The objective of this study was to identify the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract from urucum seeds and its skin healing potential in exposed cutaneous lesions in rats treated with the gel containing the extract. Methods: Three types of extracts from seeds were made using chloroform, sodium hydroxide, water, and estimated bixin and norbixin. In the presence of antioxidants, antibacterial was observed and then evaluated the skin healing in rats using aqueous extract. Results: Annatto dyes have been evaluated in all three extracts. When the seeds were extracted with chloroform, bixin was detected. If extraction was performed by sodium hydroxide or water, norbixin was detected. For healing use, 10% of aqueous extract was mixed in a gel base. The finding obtained from the antioxidant assay revealed that the activities of the water extract could be used as a source of polyphenolic compounds. In chloroform extract, the antioxidant was not effective because it has weak radical scavengers. With respect to antimicrobial activity, it has been observed that aqueous extract has more effect. For skin healing assay, a total of 3 study groups were tested: negative control group (gel base), positive control group (fibrinase), and test group (gel with urucum aqueous extract). After 7 days of treatment, animals treated with fibrinase had an improvement of 4.7% in total wound area when compared with the negative control while those treated with urucum aqueous extract presented an improvement of 51.55% in comparison. After 14 days, the total wound area of animals within the test group had a decrease of 94.97% when compared with the negative control (gel base) results while the control group presented an improvement of 56.58% in total wound area. These results indicate that wounds treated with urucum aqueous extract were 38.39% more efficient than fibrinase, a cream used for skin healing. Conclusions: It is possible to conclude that gel with aqueous extract is effective in skin healing in rats, being used as a phytotherapic, besides possessing antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.
ABSTRACT
Previous studies showed the presence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) and membrane-shed microparticles (MPs) in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. H&S Science and Biotechnology developed PTCTS, composed by natural particles from medicinal plants (PTC) combined with trans-Sialidase (TS), to combat MPs and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Our aim was to determine the effects of the different components of PTCTS in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. Rabbits were fed with high cholesterol diet for 12 weeks and treated during the last 6 weeks with either vehicle, PTC, TS, or PTCTS. Lipid profile and quantification of MPs positive for Mycoplasma pneumoniae and oxidized LDL antigens were carried out. Aortas and organs were then histologically analyzed. PTCTS reduced circulating MPs positive for Mycoplasma pneumoniae and oxidized LDL antigens, reduced the plaque area in the abdominal aorta, and caused positive remodeling of the ascendant aorta. PTC caused positive remodeling and reduced plaque area in the abdominal aorta; however, TS had a lipid lowering effect. PTCTS components combined were more effective against atherosclerosis than individual components. Our data reinforce the infectious theory of atherosclerosis and underscore the potential role of circulating MPs. Therefore, the removal of Mycoplasma-derived MPs could be a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Subject(s)
Atherosclerosis/drug therapy , Glycoproteins/administration & dosage , Mycoplasma pneumoniae/drug effects , Neuraminidase/administration & dosage , Plaque, Atherosclerotic/drug therapy , Animals , Aorta, Abdominal/drug effects , Aorta, Abdominal/pathology , Atherosclerosis/metabolism , Atherosclerosis/microbiology , Atherosclerosis/pathology , Biological Products/administration & dosage , Biological Products/chemistry , Cholesterol, Dietary/pharmacology , Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects , Disease Models, Animal , Glycoproteins/chemistry , Humans , Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism , Male , Mycoplasma pneumoniae/pathogenicity , Neuraminidase/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Plaque, Atherosclerotic/microbiology , Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology , RabbitsABSTRACT
This study evaluated the effect of the Agaricus sylvaticus (sun mushroom) on biochemical tests of the plasma and on the morphology of the pancreas in an experimental model of type I diabetes mellitus (DM1) induced by streptozotocin. One gram of dry A. sylvaticus was homogenized and mixed with the chow. Male Wistar rats were allocated as follows: normoglycemic control that received commercial chow; normoglycemic control group that received chow with A. sylvaticus; diabetic group that received commercial chow; and diabetic group that received chow with A. sylvaticus. Weight, food, and water consumption were measured every two days. Blood glucose levels were measured twice a week. After 30 days, the animals were euthanized and blood was collected for the analysis of cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides, blood sugar, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase, iron, transferrin, and urea. The pancreas was processed for microscopic analysis. A. sylvaticus modulated the levels of cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides, blood sugar, GPT, alkaline phosphatase, iron, transferrin, and urea to levels similar to those found in the controls and led to compensatory hyperplasia of the islets of Langerhans. A. sylvaticus is potentially beneficial in the control of type 1 diabetes, and it may also prevent pancreas damage.
ABSTRACT
A espécie vegetal Leonurus sibiricus L. (Lamiaceae) é utilizada pela população brasileira para os mais diversos fins, principalmente como anti-inflamatória. No presente trabalho é estudada a atividade antimicrobiana do extrato hidroalcodico a 70 por cento liofilizado (extrato bruto) de Leonurus sibiricus L.O extrato foi testado frente a Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans e Aspergillus niger, pela determinação da concentração minima inibitória, atraves do método de diluicão em tubos. O extrato bruto de Leonurus sibiricus L. inibiu o crescimento de Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus e Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
The present study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of the 70 percent hydroalcoholic extract from Leonurus sibiricus L., Lamiaceae. The antimicrobial activity was determined through the minimum inihibitory cancentration (MIC). The extract of Leonurus sibiricus L. was active against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
