ABSTRACT
Snakebites caused by the genus Bothrops are often associated with severe and complex local manifestations such as edema, pain, hemorrhage, and myonecrosis. Conventional treatment minimizes the systemic effects of venom; however, their local action is not neutralized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) on C2C12 muscle cells exposed to B. jararaca, B. jararacussu, and B. moojeni venoms on events involved in cell death and the release of inflammatory mediators. Cells were exposed to venoms and immediately irradiated with low-level laser (LLL) application in continuous wave at the wavelength of 660 nm, energy density of 4.4 J/cm2, power of 10 mW, area of 0.045 cm2, and time of 20 s. Cell integrity was analyzed by phase contrast microscope and cell death was performed by flow cytometry. In addition, interleukin IL1-ß, IL-6, and IL-10 levels were measured in the supernatant. Our results showed that the application of PBM increases cell viability and decreases cell death by apoptosis and necrosis. Moreover, the release of pro-inflammatory interleukins was also reduced. The data reported here indicate that PBM resulted in cytoprotection on myoblast C2C12 cells after venom exposure. This protection involves the modulation of cell death mechanism and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine release.
Subject(s)
Apoptosis/drug effects , Bothrops/metabolism , Crotalid Venoms/toxicity , Cytokines/biosynthesis , Low-Level Light Therapy , Muscle Cells/pathology , Animals , Cell Line , Cell Shape/drug effects , Mice , Muscle Cells/drug effects , Muscle Cells/radiation effectsABSTRACT
RESUMO Este estudo qualitativo objetivou identificar e descrever a organização dos serviços de saúde e as estratégias de cuidado disponibilizadas às pessoas atingidas por um incêndio em uma casa noturna em Santa Maria (RS). Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com trabalhadores de diferentes serviços de saúde no município. Identificaram-se fragilidades nos processos de referência e contrarreferência, comunicação e gestão, situações que existiam e se evidenciaram diante do cenário apresentado, dificultando a constituição de uma linha de cuidado. Pontos positivos foram observados, como a atuação do serviço de saúde mental e o estímulo à atuação multiprofissional, objetivando a integralidade do cuidado prestado às vítimas.
ABSTRACT This qualitative study aimed to identify and describe the organization of health services and care strategies available for people affected by a fire in a nightclub in Santa Maria (RS). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with workers from different health services in the municipality. Fragilities were identified in the referral and counter-referral process, communication and management, situations that existed and were evident in the presented scenario, making it difficult to establish a care line. Positive points were observed, such as the performance of the mental health services and the stimulus to the multiprofessional practice, aiming the integrality of care provided to the victims.
ABSTRACT
Este trabalho apresenta um relato de experiência essencialmente prática vivenciada por discentes de Terapia Ocupacional, em uma Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPI) no interior do Rio Grande do Sul. O objetivo foi a experienciação dos discentes na compreensão do vínculo e do contexto institucional. Esse trabalho reafirma a importância do vínculo entre profissional e paciente, para que a aderência às propostas terapêuticas tenha maior compreensão e acolhimento, atuando como facilitadores da funcionalidade do cotidiano dos pacientes.
The following paper presents a report of practical experience lived by students of Occupational Therapy in a Long Stay Institution for the Elderly (ILPI) in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul. The objective was the students experience in understanding the bond and the institutional context. This work reaffirms the importance of the link between professional and patient, so that adherence to the therapeutic proposals have greater understanding and acceptance, acting as facilitators of the daily routine of patients.
El siguiente trabajo presenta un relato de la experiencia práctica experimentada por los estudiantes de Terapia Ocupacional, en una institución de larga permanencia de las personas mayores (LTCF) en el interior de Rio Grande do Sul. El objetivo era la vivencia de los estudiantes en la comprensión de la relación y el contexto institucional. En este trabajo se reafirma la importancia de la relación entre el profesional y el paciente, por lo que la adhesión a los enfoques terapéuticos tienen una mayor comprensión y aceptación, actuando como facilitadores de la funcionalidad de los pacientes todos los días.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Homes for the Aged , Occupational Therapy , Professional PracticeABSTRACT
This study investigated the antidepressant potential of alpha-tocopherol, the most active and abundant form of vitamin E, in the forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). The acute oral treatment with alpha-tocopherol at the doses of 30 and 100mg/kg reduced the immobility time in the FST and in the TST. A single i.c.v. administration of alpha-tocopheryl phosphate, a water-soluble analogue of alpha-tocopherol, also reduced the immobility time in the FST (0.1 and 1 nmol/site) and in the TST (0.1 nmol/site). In addition, the long-term treatment (28 days) with alpha-tocopherol (10mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced the immobility time in the FST. Moreover, a subeffective dose of alpha-T (10mg/kg, p.o.) potentiated the effect of fluoxetine (10mg/kg, p.o.) in the FST. The long-term treatment with alpha-T was able to increase the glutathione (GSH) antioxidant defense system, while the acute treatment was not. The long-term treatment with alpha-tocopherol (10mg/kg) increased the GSH levels in the hippocampus and in the prefrontal cortex and increased the glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activity in the hippocampus (10mg/kg) and in the prefrontal cortex (10-100mg/kg). The long-term treatment with fluoxetine (10mg/kg, p.o.), a positive control, was also able to increase the GSH levels in the hippocampus, but failed to alter the activity of both enzymes. Besides the specific antidepressant-like effect, long-term, but not the acute treatment with alpha-T, especially in the doses that produced an antidepressant-like effect (10mg/kg), improved the antioxidant defenses in the mouse hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, two structures closely implicated in the pathophysiology of depression.
