ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Residents in nursing homes show a high prevalence of the musculoskeletal syndrome sarcopenia and tend not to achieve current physical activity recommendations. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to identify differences in physical activity and sedentary behavior of sarcopenic residents compared with nonsarcopenic and presarcopenic residents. METHODS: Sarcopenia assessment was performed among 63 nursing home residents in Baden-Wuerttemberg (D) using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 specifications. Structured activity sessions (per week), accelerometer-based physical activity (steps/day), and sedentary behavior (percentual/day) were examined. The group comparisons were determined with Kruskal-Wallis tests and Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc tests. RESULTS: Significant differences were found for number of steps (pâ¯= 0.005) and percentual sedentary behavior (pâ¯= 0.019). Moreover, steps per day presented significant results in group comparison for no sarcopenia (2824.4 [423-14275]) with probable sarcopenia (1703.9 [118-5663]) and confirmed/severe sarcopenia (1571.2 [240-2392]) (both pâ¯= 0.022; |r|â¯= 0.34). Sedentary behavior demonstrated significant differences in groups with no sarcopenia (87.9% [69.1-94.3]) and with probable sarcopenia (91.7% [80.4-9835]) (pâ¯= 0.018; |r|â¯= 0.35). CONCLUSION: Nonsarcopenic residents demonstrated a higher number of steps and lower sedentary behavior compared with presarcopenic and sarcopenic residents. Increasing steps, reducing sedentary behavior and promoting activities of daily living can contribute to the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in the nursing home setting.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Sarcopenia is characterized by the loss of muscle mass, strength, and physical functioning. The bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a simplify method for the measurement of muscle quantity and quality. But there is a lack of evidence in the interpretation of the muscle quality parameter phase angle (PhA), which was recommended by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2). We hypothesize that the PhA shows differences between sarcopenia categorized groups and can be used as an additional parameter for sarcopenia quantification among residents of nursing homes (NH). METHODS: Based on EWGSOP2 specifications, 78 residents from five German NH was categorized into sarcopenia groups. Group comparisons with Kruskal-Wallis tests, Dunn-Bonferroni post-hoc-Tests, and correlations with Spearman coefficients were conducted with the muscle quality parameter PhA. RESULTS: Significant group differences by Kruskal-Wallis test for PhA was detected (H = 8.150, p = 0.017). The Dunn-Bonferroni post-hoc-Test showed significant results by group comparison for "confirmed/ severe sarcopenia" (4.1° [3.1-5.0]) with "no sarcopenia" (4.6° [3.7-11.2]; p =0 .049) and "probable sarcopenia" (4.7° [3.4-13.5]; p = 0.016), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There is a limitation for differentiation in preliminary stage of sarcopenia among multimorbid NH residents by PhA. Moreover, further research for specific cut-off-values and the individual sarcopenia progression monitoring by PhA are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION: No. AZ A2.5.4-096_aa (Date of approval: July 2019).
Subject(s)
Sarcopenia , Humans , Aged , Electric Impedance , Muscle, Skeletal , Nursing HomesABSTRACT
Objectives: Sarcopenia is characterized by loss of muscle strength and muscle mass. The EWGSOP2 specifications include physical functioning determination for quantification of the sarcopenia severity. However, there is a lack in the use of habitual and maximal gait speed and their influence on sarcopenia quantification. We hypothesize differences in sarcopenia quantification using habitual and maximal gait speed. Methods: Sixty-six residents from five nursing homes were examined. Habitual and maximal gait speed were measured by 4-meter-walking-Test. McNemar-Test and χ2-test were used to identify quantification differences. Effect sizes of both gait speeds were calculated with Spearman's rank-correlation-coefficient. Results: Significant difference was identified for twenty-two residents in physical functioning classification by McNemar-Test (p<.001). χ2-Test identified a significant frequency distribution for sarcopenia categories between both gait speeds (χ2 (df2)=11.215, p=.004; Cramer's V=.412). Significant correlations (p<.05) were only shown for maximal gait speed in variables falls in the last three months (|rs|=.326), Barthel-Index (|rs|=.415), and SARC-F (|rs|=.335). Conclusions: The use of habitual and maximal gait speed has a significant impact on sarcopenia quantification in nursing home residents. An adapted standardization in the EWGSOP2 specifications should follow.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a phenotype, which is defined by reduced muscle strength, muscle mass, and obesity. Limited mobility leads to increased sedentary behavior and decreased physical activity. Both sarcopenia and obesity are aggravated by these factors. In combination, SO is an additional challenge for the setting nursing home (NH). Previous studies have shown a low prevalence of residents with SO in comparable settings, such as community-dwelling. We hypothesize that the BaSAlt cohort also has a small proportion of residents with SO. METHODS: For the analysis, 66 residents (women: 74.2%) aged ≥ 65 years from NH, were screened for SO based on EWGSOP2 specifications and cut-off values to classify obesity. RESULTS: Severe sarcopenia was quantified in eleven residents (16.7%). The majority of sarcopenic residents were women (n = 10) compared to men (n = 1). However, no SO could be identified by assessment of body mass index, fat mass in percentage, and fat mass index. CONCLUSION: As expected, the setting-specific cohort showed a low number of SO. Furthermore, no case of SO was identified in our study. Sarcopenia was associated with an increased fat-free mass in NH residents. Nevertheless, sarcopenia and obesity play important roles in the preservation of residents' health.
