ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate sex hormone deficiency related osteoporosis and efficacy of different therapies.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Orchiectomized and ovariectomized rat models are used to investigate sex hormone deficiency related osteoporosis and efficacy of different therapies. A rat vertebral body can be longitudinally divided into central portion, which contain more trabecular bone, and para-endplate portions which contain more compact bone. In matured male and female Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rat lumbar spines, we investigated baseline bone mineral density (BMD) characteristics and the differential segmental responses in bone loss within the lumbar vertebral body post gonadal surgery with clinical multidetector computed tomography.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Para-endplate sections had a higher BMD than central sections. The cephalad para-endplate sections had a higher BMD than the caudad para-endplate sections. Eight weeks after gonadal removal, there was more bone loss in central sections than para-endplate sections. The relative difference of bone loss between para-endplate and central sections was more apparent in male rats than in female rats. There was more bone loss in caudad sections than cephalad sections; this lead to a further increase of BMD difference between caudad para-endplate sections and cephalad para-endplate sections post gonadal surgery.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The approach described in this study provided a consistent way to study BMD change within predominantly compact bone portion and trabecular bone portion of the vertebral body.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Bone Density , Gonadal Steroid Hormones , Metabolism , Lumbar Vertebrae , Physiology , Orchiectomy , Ovariectomy , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
To identify the true contribution of toxoplasmosis to fetal loss and bad obstetric history, we tested 310 women, 77.4% of whom had had single or multiple fetal loss, for evidence of infection. The study was conducted in Duhok, northern Iraq, from July 2002 till September 2003. All the women were examined for the presence of toxoplasma-specific IgM antibodies by enzyme-linked immunofluorescent assay; only 3 (0.97%) tested positive. We also tested 187 of the women by latex agglutination test; 55 tested positive. Histopathological examination was done for 9 pregnant women who tested positive by the latex agglutination test but we found no evidence of toxoplasma infection. The results indicate that the contribution of toxoplasmosis to fetal loss in our region is greatly overestimated.
Subject(s)
Fetal Mortality , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/epidemiology , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/epidemiology , Toxoplasmosis/epidemiology , Abortion, Spontaneous/parasitology , Adolescent , Adult , Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Bias , Causality , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Iraq/epidemiology , Latex Fixation Tests , Middle Aged , Placenta/parasitology , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/blood , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/immunology , Pregnancy Outcome/epidemiology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Toxoplasmosis/blood , Toxoplasmosis/diagnosis , Toxoplasmosis/immunology , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/blood , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/diagnosis , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/immunology , Urban Population/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
To identify the true contribution of toxoplasmosis to fetal loss and bad obstetric history, we tested 310 women, 77.4% of whom had had single or multiple fetal loss, for evidence of infection. The study was conducted in Duhok, northern Iraq, from July 2002 till September 2003. All the women were examined for the presence of toxoplasma-specific IgM antibodies by enzyme-linked immunofluorescent assay; only 3 [0.97%] tested positive. We also tested 187 of the women by latex agglutination test; 55 tested positive. Histopathological examination was done for 9 pregnant women who tested positive by the latex agglutination test but we found no evidence of toxoplasma infection. The results indicate that the contribution of toxoplasmosis to fetal loss in our region is greatly overestimated
Subject(s)
Abortion, Spontaneous , Antibodies, Protozoan , Immunoglobulin M , Latex Fixation Tests , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic , Toxoplasmosis , Fetal MortalityABSTRACT
From January 2000 to May 2001 causes of infertility were studied for 250 couples, 193 (77.2%) of whom had primary infertility and 57 (22.8%) had secondary infertility. Male infertility was found in 36.8% of cases. The most common cause of female infertility was ovulation disorders (41%) while tubal obstruction contributed to only 5% of cases. Only 15% of the couples had unexplained infertility. Galactorrhoea and/or increased serum prolactin was seen in 60% of cases. Ultrasonographic detection of mature follicles was consistent with the results of cervical mucus study and endometrial biopsy in 90% of cases.
Subject(s)
Infertility/epidemiology , Infertility/etiology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Anovulation/complications , Biopsy , Causality , Cohort Studies , Female , Galactorrhea/complications , Humans , Hyperprolactinemia/complications , Hysterosalpingography , Incidence , Infertility/diagnosis , Infertility/therapy , Iraq/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Oligospermia/complications , Ovulation Detection , Population Surveillance , Risk Factors , Sex Distribution , Sperm CountABSTRACT
From January 2000 to May 2001 causes of infertility were studied for 250 couples, 193 [77.2%] of whom had primary infertility and 57 [22.8%] had secondary infertility. Male infertility was found in 36.8% of cases. The most common cause of female infertility was ovulation disorders [41%] while tubal obstruction contributed to only 5% of cases. Only 15% of the couples had unexplained infertility. Galactorrhoea and/or increased serum prolactin was seen in 60% of cases. Ultrasonographic detection of mature follicles was consistent with the results of cervical mucus study and endometrial biopsy in 90% of cases
Subject(s)
Age Distribution , Anovulation , Biopsy , Cohort Studies , Galactorrhea , Hyperprolactinemia , Hysterosalpingography , InfertilityABSTRACT
In rabbits the volumes of distribution of triamterene (TA) and its metabolites hydroxytriamterene (OH-TA) and hydroxytriamterene sulfuric acid ester (OH-TA-ester) were determined after i.v. administration of the agents. Both TA as well as its metabolites distribute in at least 2 compartments, OH-TA exhibiting by far the greatest volume of distribution, followed by TA and then by OH-TA-ester. TA and its phase-II-metabolite are eliminated at practically equal rate, whereas the elimination of OH-TA is relatively slow.
