ABSTRACT
Experiments carried out on male mice (ICR) demonstrated a protective effect of premedication with the preparation Sho-Saiko-To (TJ 9, Tsumura and Comp.) against the hepatotoxic effects of CCl4 and T1-acetate, which were manifested by increased peroxidation of lipids and increased depletion of reduced glutathion in liver homogenates.
Subject(s)
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , Liver/metabolism , Animals , Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning/metabolism , Glutathione/metabolism , Lipid Peroxidation , Liver Diseases/metabolism , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred ICR , Organometallic CompoundsABSTRACT
The study reports on penetration enhancers used to improve drug absorption through the skin. All experiments were carried out in permeation cells in vitro. Insulin (2.5 mg/ml) and Brilliant Blue (50.0 mg/ml) served as model drugs. They were formulated into a 40% solution of propylene glycol with increasing concentrations of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) (0.0 to 20.0%), dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one (laurocapram) and a new compound dodecyl-L-pyroglutamate (DLP; 0.0 to 0.5%). The maximum amount of insulin permeated within 24 h was almost 200 microU/ml in the case of 0.1% laurocapram, while in the case of 0.1% DLP it was approximately half of that. The optimum concentration of NMP was 12.0%. Experiments performed with Brilliant Blue showed no significant difference among formulations containing either 6.0, 12.0 or 20.0% of NMP. When NMP was omitted, flux, permeability as well as the maximum concentration estimated after 26 h reached 50% of the values obtained with NMP. The lag time was twice as long in this case in comparison with the formulations containing NMP.
Subject(s)
Azepines/pharmacology , Insulin/pharmacokinetics , Pyrrolidinones/pharmacology , Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid/pharmacology , Administration, Cutaneous , Animals , Benzenesulfonates , Coloring Agents , In Vitro Techniques , Insulin/administration & dosage , Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Rats , Rats, Inbred StrainsSubject(s)
Polymers/toxicity , Animals , Cattle , Cells, Cultured , Equipment and Supplies , Male , Rats , Spermatozoa/drug effectsSubject(s)
Azo Compounds , Evans Blue , Eye/drug effects , Indium Radioisotopes , Ophthalmic Solutions/toxicity , Animals , Male , Rats , Rats, Inbred StrainsSubject(s)
Analgesics , Tannins/pharmacology , Animals , Droperidol/pharmacology , Hot Temperature , Male , Mice , Pain/physiopathology , Sensory ThresholdsSubject(s)
Pharmaceutical Preparations/metabolism , Skin Absorption , Animals , Male , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Species Specificity , SwineABSTRACT
In vitro transdermal absorption of insulin was improved when the penetration enhancers Azone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were incorporated in propylene glycol (PG) formulations of the drug. Maximum penetration efficacy depended on optimal concentrations of both the enhancer and PG. Azone and NMP showed maximum efficacy at 0.1% and 12.0% concentration, respectively. In both cases, the optimum concentration of PG was 40.0%. The enhancing ability of DMSO was much lower in comparison with the other two enhancers.
Subject(s)
Azepines/pharmacology , Dimethyl Sulfoxide/pharmacology , Insulin/administration & dosage , Propylene Glycols/pharmacology , Pyrrolidinones/pharmacology , Skin Absorption/drug effects , Skin/metabolism , Administration, Cutaneous , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Insulin/metabolism , Kinetics , Mathematics , Models, Biological , Propylene Glycol , Skin/drug effects , SwineSubject(s)
Drug Eruptions/etiology , Ointment Bases/adverse effects , Pharmaceutic Aids/adverse effects , Animals , Guinea Pigs , Mice , Rabbits , Rats , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
Synthetic polymers as tissue substitute are more and more widely used in medicine today. Therefore it is necessary to continue to complete our knowledge on the subject of the mutual interaction of the organism and tissue substitutes of synthetic polymers. The influence of the organism on the degradation processe of some synthetic textile fibres made of polyester was studied polypropylene and polyamide, which are either suggested or already used in the production of vascular protheses and other tissue substitutes. The morphological picture of tissue reaction to implanted synthetic fibres, the mechanical properties of the fibres and changes in their surface structure after 4-360 days after implantation were also studied.
Subject(s)
Foreign-Body Reaction , Prostheses and Implants , Skin/drug effects , Animals , Biocompatible Materials , Female , Male , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Nylons/toxicity , Polyesters/toxicity , Polypropylenes/toxicity , Rabbits , Skin/ultrastructure , Tensile StrengthABSTRACT
The methods of oscillographic polarography and pulse differential polarography were used to test the release of some contaminating substances from polyvinylchloride (PVC) during autoclaving of water suspensions. The polarographic technique was able to detect in some extracts the presence of several contaminants, while the other PVC preparations did not release such substances. However the chemical nature of the contaminating substances has not been elucidated, the methods can serve as a screening method to detect heavy polymer contamination.
Subject(s)
Polyvinyl Chloride/pharmacology , Polyvinyls/pharmacology , Oscillometry , Polarography , Safety , Sterilization , Water/analysisABSTRACT
The increasing use of polymer materials in medicine as much as the undesirable effects observed in patients during their application made us to study not only their functional properties but also their toxicological and biostability parameters, before their clinical application. Some of the aspects of this wide-ranging problem have been studied in our laboratory. Our aim was to try and identify the effect synthetic polymers and their extract have on different biological systems. The comparison of the results obtained through some of the biological methods was aimed at finding out to what extent such methods were suitable for testing of the polymer toxicity on living tissue.
Subject(s)
Dermatologic Surgical Procedures , Polyethylenes/toxicity , Polymers/toxicity , Polyvinyl Chloride/toxicity , Polyvinyls/toxicity , Adhesiveness , Animals , Cell Division/drug effects , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Female , HeLa Cells , In Vitro Techniques , Kidney , Male , Prostheses and Implants , Rats , Spermatozoa/drug effects , SwineABSTRACT
Biological and chemical testing of plastic materials and devices needs the extraction of the analyzed sample. Polyamide was used as the model material and various effects of the extraction conditions on some biological (intracutaneous irritation, rat heart in situ, blood pressure on rats) and chemical (mass of the residue after evaporation) tests were studied. The material was extracted at 120, 55 and 37 degrees C for 0.5, 72 and 504 hr, respectively. Moreover, the polyamide was extracted at 120 degrees C for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 60 and 120 min. Extracts were evaporated on the water bath. The increasing extraction period at 120 degrees C resulted in the increase in values of intracutaneous irritation as well as the residue mass after evaporation and in the decrease of rat heart amplitude and frequency. It was found that the extraction conditions at different temperature mentioned above were not equivalent. Various methods of extract concentration were also tested. Extracts evaporated at 35 degrees C in vacuo decreased the blood pressure more than those evaporated in the water bath.
