ABSTRACT
There has recently been considerable progress in understanding the regulation of clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV) formation and function. These advances are due to the determination of the structure of a number of CCV coat components at molecular resolution and the identification of novel regulatory proteins that control CCV formation in the cell. In addition, pathways of (a) phosphorylation, (b) receptor signaling, and (c) lipid modification that influence CCV formation, as well as the interaction between the cytoskeleton and CCV transport pathways are becoming better defined. It is evident that although clathrin coat assembly drives CCV formation, this fundamental reaction is modified by different regulatory proteins, depending on where CCVs are forming in the cell. This regulatory difference likely reflects the distinct biological roles of CCVs at the plasma membrane and trans-Golgi network, as well as the distinct properties of these membranes themselves. Tissue-specific functions of CCVs require even more-specialized regulation and defects in these pathways can now be correlated with human diseases.
Subject(s)
Carrier Proteins/metabolism , Clathrin-Coated Vesicles/physiology , Clathrin/chemistry , Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane/metabolism , Membrane Proteins/metabolism , Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport , Animals , Cell Polarity/physiology , Clathrin/metabolism , Clathrin-Coated Vesicles/metabolism , Cytoskeleton/metabolism , Endocytosis/physiology , Humans , Models, Molecular , Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism , Neurons/metabolism , Protein Transport/physiologyABSTRACT
This review includes 16 structures of vesicle coat components and accessory proteins and a description of their roles in vesicle budding or coat disassembly.
Subject(s)
Coated Vesicles/chemistry , Membrane Proteins/chemistry , ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1/chemistry , ADP-Ribosylation Factors/chemistry , Adaptor Protein Complex alpha Subunits , Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing , Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport , Animals , Arrestin/chemistry , Calcium-Binding Proteins/chemistry , Clathrin/chemistry , Dynamins , GTP Phosphohydrolases/chemistry , GTPase-Activating Proteins/chemistry , Gene Products, nef/chemistry , HSC70 Heat-Shock Proteins , HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/chemistry , Humans , Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins , Models, Molecular , Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry , Phosphoproteins/chemistry , Protein ConformationABSTRACT
We present a summary of the structures of 13 proteins involved in the docking and fusion of intracellular transport vesicles to their target membranes.