ABSTRACT
When Salmonella typhimurium and Clostridium perfringens were tested in conventional chickens, larger numbers of S typhimurium and C perfringens adhered to Eimeria tenella-infected ceca than to uninfected ceca. In germ-free chickens, S typhimurium and C perfringens adhered to the E tenella-infected cecal mucosa more than to the uninfected cecal mucosa, but fewer Bacteroides vulgatus and Bifidobacterium thermophilum adhered to the E tenella-infected ceca than to the uninfected ceca. Many bacteria adhered to the lesions caused by E tenella as observed by scanning electron microscopy. On the basis of our findings, we suggest that infection with E tenella upsets the balance of competitive adherence of bacteria, allowing more colonization of S typhimurium and C perfringens.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Adhesion , Cecum/microbiology , Coccidiosis/veterinary , Eimeria tenella/physiology , Poultry Diseases/microbiology , Animals , Bacteroides/metabolism , Bacteroides/ultrastructure , Bifidobacterium/metabolism , Bifidobacterium/ultrastructure , Cecum/parasitology , Cecum/ultrastructure , Chickens , Clostridium perfringens/metabolism , Clostridium perfringens/ultrastructure , Coccidiosis/microbiology , Germ-Free Life , Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology , Intestinal Mucosa/parasitology , Intestinal Mucosa/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Microvilli/microbiology , Microvilli/ultrastructure , Salmonella typhimurium/metabolism , Salmonella typhimurium/ultrastructure , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The angular distribution of light reflected from a blackened aluminum matte plate was studied as a function of illumination for several degrees of castor-oil wetting. The results were compared with a theory based on geometrical optics and simple models of the matte surface. The theory and the experiment agree and provide an understanding of the effect of the underlying surface on its glossiness.
