ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine response to treatment, survival and prognostic factors for feline extranodal lymphoma in the UK. METHODS: Records of cats diagnosed with lymphoma of extranodal sites at seven referral centres were reviewed and information on signalment, tumour location, prior treatment and chemotherapy protocol recorded. Factors influencing response to treatment and survival were assessed. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-nine cases met inclusion criteria. Sixty-nine cats had nasal lymphoma, 35 renal, 15 central nervous system, 11 laryngeal and 19 miscellaneous locations. Sixty-six cats received cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone, 25 Wisconsin-Madison doxorubicin-containing multi-agent protocol, 10 prednisolone alone and nine other combinations. The response rate for the 110 treated cats was 85.5 per cent. Of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone treated cats 72.7 per cent achieved complete remission, median survival 239 days. Sixty-four per cent of Wisconsin-Madison treated cats achieved complete remission, median survival 563 days. Cats with nasal lymphoma achieving complete remission had the longest survival (749 days) and cats with central nervous system lymphoma the shortest (70 days). If complete remission was achieved, prior treatment with corticosteroids significantly reduced survival time. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Cats with extranodal lymphoma respond to chemotherapy and achieve survival times comparable to other locations. Corticosteroid pretreatment reduced survival time in cats achieving complete remission.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Cat Diseases/drug therapy , Cat Diseases/mortality , Lymphoma/veterinary , Animals , Cats , Central Nervous System Neoplasms/drug therapy , Central Nervous System Neoplasms/mortality , Central Nervous System Neoplasms/veterinary , Female , Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy , Kidney Neoplasms/mortality , Kidney Neoplasms/veterinary , Laryngeal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Laryngeal Neoplasms/mortality , Laryngeal Neoplasms/veterinary , Lymphoma/drug therapy , Lymphoma/mortality , Male , Nose Neoplasms/drug therapy , Nose Neoplasms/mortality , Nose Neoplasms/veterinary , Remission Induction , Survival Analysis , Treatment Outcome , United KingdomABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Anti-insulin antibodies (AIA) occur in diabetic dogs after insulin therapy, although their clinical significance is unclear. HYPOTHESIS: Treatment of diabetic dogs with heterologous insulin is more likely to stimulate production of AIA than is treatment with homologous insulin. ANIMALS: Diabetic dogs sampled before insulin therapy (n = 40), diabetic dogs sampled following treatment with porcine (homologous) insulin (n = 100), bovine (heterologous) lente insulin (n = 100), or bovine protamine zinc (PZI) insulin (n = 20), and nondiabetic control dogs (n = 120). METHODS: Prospective observational study. Sera were analyzed by ELISA for antibodies against porcine insulin, bovine insulin, insulin A, B, or C peptides, and control antigens; canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine thyroglobulin (TG). Canine isotype-specific antibodies were used to determine total and anti-insulin IgG1 : IgG2 ratios. RESULTS: There was no difference in CDV or TG reactivity among the groups. AIA were detected in 5 of 40 newly diagnosed (untreated) diabetic dogs. There was no significant difference in AIA (ELISA optical density reactivity) comparing control and porcine insulin-treated diabetic dogs (P > .05). Anti-insulin reactivity was most prevalent in bovine PZI insulin-treated dogs (90%; P < .01), and bovine lente insulin-treated dogs (56%; P < .01). AIA induced by treatment were enriched for the IgG1 isotype. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: This study indicates that bovine insulin is more immunogenic than porcine insulin when used for treatment of diabetic dogs.
