ABSTRACT
Snapshot compressive imaging (SCI) cameras compress high-speed videos or hyperspectral images into measurement frames. However, decoding the data frames from measurement frames is compute-intensive. Existing state-of-the-art decoding algorithms suffer from low decoding quality or heavy running time or both, which are not practical for real-time applications. In this article, we exploit the powerful learning ability of deep neural networks (DNN) and propose a novel tensor fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm net (Tensor FISTA-Net) as a real-time decoder for SCI cameras. Since SCI cameras have an accurate physical model, we can trade training time for the decoding time by generating abundant synthetic data and training a decoder on the cloud. Tensor FISTA-Net not only learns a sparse representation of the frames through convolution layers but also reduces the decoding time and memory consumption significantly through tensor operations, which makes Tensor FISTA-Net an appropriate approach for a real-time decoder. Our proposed Tensor FISTA-Net obtains an average PSNR improvement of 0.79-2.84 dB (video images) and 2.61-4.43 dB (hyperspectral images) over the state-of-the-art algorithms, along with more clear and detailed visual results on real SCI datasets, Hammer and Wheel, respectively. Our Tensor FISTA-Net reaches 45 frames per second in video datasets and 70 frames per second in hyperspectral datasets, meeting the real-time requirement. Besides, the trained model occupies only a 12 -MB memory footprint, making it applicable to real-time Internet of Things (IoT) applications.
ABSTRACT
To determine the relation between hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 4 and microalbuminuria in relation to hepatic histology and viremia in the absence of cryoglobulinemia and to examine the effect of treatment on microalbuminuria, we studied 400 HCV genotype-4-infected patients who were tested for microalbuminuria, albumin creatinine ratio (ACR), urea, creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The parameters were measured again in the HCV patients after six months of treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Microalbuminuria was detected in 56 (14%) HCV-positive patients. There was a highly significant reduction in the microalbuminuria levels among the HCV-positive individuals after six months of therapy (P <0.001). Microalbuminuria was significantly associated with older age [Odds Ratio (OR): 1.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0-1.2, P = 0.01], elevated creatinine (OR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.01- 0.7, P = 0.02), high modified Histological Activity Index score (OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1-1.5, P = 0.004) and increased viral load (OR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.1-6.6, P = 0.01). Sustained virological response (SRV) was achieved in 272 (86%) patients. The individuals with SVR had lower microalbuminuria post-treatment (P = 0.56). We conclude that HCV infection can be associated with microalbuminuria, which can be reduced by the use of a combination therapy of pegylated interferon-ribavirin.
