[Economic aspects in selection of treatment method for tibial and femoral shaft fractures]. / Ekonomiczny aspekt w wyborze metody leczenia zlaman trzonów kosci udowej i piszczeli.

The aim of the study was the analysis of the costs of the treatment the patients with tibial and femur shaft fractures treated operatively and conservatively. There were 643 adults and among them 145 patients with femur shaft fractures treated by intramedullary nailing using open Küntscher method (48 patients), closed Küntscher method (35 patients), plating (35 patients) and conservatively (19 patients). There were also 498 patients with tibial shaft fractures treated by intramedullary nailing using closed Küntscher method (105 patients), plating (109 patients), screws (82 patients) and conservatively (202 patients). The cost of the treatment was the lowest in groups of patients with femoral and tibial shaft fractures treated by intramedullary nailing using closed Küntscher method.

[Modified surgical technique for treating hepatic echinococcosis]. / Modyfikacja metody operacyjnego leczenia bablowca watroby.

The authors present modified operational technique in hepatic echinococcosis. Echinococcus in 14 patients was removed by either peri-cystic excision or hepatic lobe excision with the closure of blood inflow into the liver by construction the blood vessels in hepato-duodenal ligament for 20 minutes. All patients survived. Biliary fistulas lasting for a few days up to 3 weeks were the only complications encountered. Presented modified operational technique of surgery is safe; it shortens the duration of surgery and prevents major intraoperative haemorrhages.

[Results of intraoperative bacteriological studies of bile from patients operated on for cholelithiasis]. / Wyniki sródoperacyjnych badan bakteriologicznych zólci u operowanych chorych z powodu kamicy dróg zólciowych.

Complete bacteriological examination of bile was carried out in 123 patients operated on for cholecystolithiasis. The most frequently found Gram-negative bacteria were E. coli and Klebsiella species. The Gram-positive organisms were most frequently Staphylococcus epidermidis, Str. viridans and Str. faecalis. Anaerobes were rarely found. The effectiveness of the antibiotics used was studied.