Supporting tamariki takiwatanga Maori (autistic Maori children): Exploring the experience of early childhood educators.

LAY ABSTRACT: The knowledge and attitudes of educators can have a strong influence on the experiences of autistic children who attend inclusive early childhood settings. Autistic children from under-represented ethnic groups, for example, tamariki takiwatanga Maori (autistic Maori children), are likely to face extra challenges and educators need to consider ways to support their cultural development. For this study, we interviewed 12 educators with recent experience supporting tamariki takiwatanga Maori in inclusive early childhood settings. We constructed three themes and seven subthemes from the interview data. We found that educators' understandings of autism were mostly in line with the neurodiversity perspective, which views autism as a difference, not a disorder. We also found similarities between the neurodiversity perspective and Maori perspectives of autism and a need for more training and resources based upon a Maori world view and available in te reo Maori (the Maori language).

Parent reported barriers and facilitators to support services for autistic children in Aotearoa New Zealand.

LAY ABSTRACT: Parents might have problems in getting support services for their autistic child due to certain barriers. However, there might also be things that can ease or facilitate parents' access to support services. In this study, New Zealand parents were asked about their experiences in getting support services for their autistic child. We also looked at differences in reported barriers and facilitators based on several demographic factors with a focus on family level of financial resourcing. A total of 173 parents completed a survey. The results suggested that parents experienced several barriers, particularly related to service pathways. Facilitators were also experienced, predominantly related to providers. Financial resourcing predicted the number of parent-reported barriers. Both lower level of family financial resourcing and having a non-binary child predicted parents' rating of the extent of barriers. Child age and level of speech were predictors for reports of experiencing a higher number of facilitators, with parents of younger children or of non-speaking autistic children reporting a greater number of facilitators. We discuss how these results may be useful to support service delivery and identify areas for future research.

Barriers and facilitators for obtaining support services among underserved families with an autistic child: A systematic qualitative review.

LAY ABSTRACT: Families from underrepresented ethnic or racial groups and those with limited financial resources could experience more difficulty in accessing support services for their autistic child due to certain types of barriers. We searched academic journals, websites, and other sources for studies which looked at what barriers might be present for such families and what might help families access support services for their autistic child. The search found 18 studies. Results from each study were examined and coded into themes. Parents reported that accessibility, diversity of support services, and stigma influenced their experiences with support services. We discuss what these findings might mean for future research and for service delivery.

Early Intervention Delivery Methods for New Zealand Children with Autism: Current Practices Versus Parental Preferences.

Little is known about parent preferences regarding delivery methods of early interventions. This research examined, through parent report, the current and preferred delivery methods of seven common educational early interventions accessed by New Zealand children with autism spectrum disorder. Responses from 63 eligible participants were collected via an online questionnaire. Results suggested that four of the seven early intervention services were predominantly delivered through some form of professional advice to parents. Participants who were receiving at least one privately funded service were more likely to have at least one service delivered directly to their child. Parents' most preferred delivery method for all early intervention services, except parent education programs, involved a professional working directly with their child.