Prevalence and risk factors associated with precancerous and cancerous cervical lesions among HIV-infected women in University of Gondar specialized comprehensive referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: cross-sectional study design.

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women worldwide. The majority of the cases are found in developing countries. The increasing risk of cervical cancer prevalence and growing danger of death from cervical cancer and the high occurrence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women who are HIV positive give us the ground to study the prevalence and associated risk factors. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to assess the prevalence of cervical cancer screening and associated risk factors among HIV-positive women attending the Adult ART clinic at the University of Gondar Hospital. METHODS: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to August 2021, on adult HIV-positive women attending the Adult ART clinic at Gondar University Referral Hospital by phone calling patients per week for six months to complete a total of 2744 HIV-positive patients who were not screened for cervical cancer before. The data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine the presence and the degree of association between dependent and independent variables. In the multivariable logistic analysis, a P-value of < 0.05 and odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval were considered to determine independent predictors for the prevalence of premalignant or malignant cervical lesions among HIV-positive patients. RESULT: This study assessed 915 HIV Positive women who were screened for cervical cancer via visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) as the primary screening tool and found that 24.48% had positive VIA results. Those with VIA-positive cases pathology examination showed 72.4% had abnormal pathology reports (CIN 1/2/3-51.25%, 17.23% cancer & 3.9% CIS), strengthening the finding in many studies that suggest HIV-positive women have a high rate of premalignant lesions.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Ankle-Foot Pain Among Nurses Working in Surgical Units of Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals in Amhara Regional State, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.

Background: Ankle-foot pain is a serious public health concern among nurses and has a significant impact on the quality of the health care service delivery system. However, little is known about the prevalence and factors associated with ankle-foot pain among nurses working in surgical units in Ethiopia. Purpose: The study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of ankle-foot pain among nurses working in surgical units of comprehensive specialized hospitals in Amhara regional state, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022. Participants and Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 409 nurses working in surgical units of comprehensive specialized hospitals, from May 15 to June 7, 2022. A simple random sampling technique was employed. Data were collected by five BSc nurses using a structured self-administered questionnaire. The collected data were entered into Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. The descriptive statistics and bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were computed. Finally, variables were declared as statistically significant at P < 0.05 using the odds ratio and 95% CI. Results: The prevalence of ankle-foot pain among nurses working in surgical units was 51.8% (95% CI = 46.9-57.5). More than 10 years of working experience [AOR = 3.48, 95% CI = 1.35-8.92], working 48 or more hours per week [AOR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.27-6.00], prolonged standing [AOR = 5.72, 95% CI = 3.20-10.25], high physical job demand [AOR = 2.41, 95% CI = 1.53-3.80], and low job control [AOR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.47-3.71] had statistically significant association with ankle-foot pain. Conclusion: This study found that ankle-foot pain was common among nurses working in surgical units. Having more years of work experience, working more hours per week, prolonged standing, high physical job demand, and low job control were statistically associated with ankle-foot pain.

Depression, anxiety and their associated factors among patients with cancer receiving treatment at oncology units in Amhara Region, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms, and their associated factors among patients with cancer receiving cancer treatment in Amhara region oncology centres in Northwest, Ethiopia. DESIGN: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted. SETTING: Three oncology units at comprehensive hospitals in the Amhara region, Ethiopia. PARTICIPANTS: Adult patients who had a pathologically confirmed cancer diagnosis and received cancer therapy were our study participants. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to assess anxiety and depression symptoms. RESULT: A total of 392 patients with cancer participated in this study, of which 57.1% (95% CI 52.1% to 62.1%) and 60.2% (95% CI 55.2% to 65.1%) had anxiety and depression, respectively.Poor social support (adjusted OR, AOR=4.43, 95% CI (1.70 to 11.50)), poor performance status (AOR=1.97, 95% CI (1.02 to 3.79)) and increased pain severity (AOR=1.30, 95% CI (1.14 to 1.48)) were factors associated with anxiety. Furthermore, poor performance status (AOR=2.77, 95% CI: (1.42, 5.39)) and pain severity (AOR=1.25, 95% CI: (1.11 to 1.42)) were significantly associated with depression. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: Anxiety and depression were common among patients with cancer. Social support, performance status and pain were determinant factors of anxiety in patients with cancer. Moreover, performance status and pain were associated with depressive symptoms. Therefore, patients with low social support, poor performance status and severe pain should get special emphasis.

Nurses' knowledge of pressure ulcer and its associated factors at Hawassa University comprehensive specialized hospital Hawassa, Ethiopia, 2018.

BACKGROUND: Pressure ulcer is largely avoidable, but its prevalence rate increased more than 80% in a 13 years study. Nurses have a great position to advance best practices towards the prevention of pressure ulcers. Therefore they should be knowledgeable of the signs and symptoms of pressure ulcers, and preventive strategies to reduce its incidence, but there is limited evidence on nurses' knowledge and its associated factors to prevent pressure ulcers in Ethiopia. METHODS: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 25 - April 23/ 2018. A total of 356 nurses were selected by stratification with a simple random sampling technique. Pretested structured questionnaire with closed and open-ended questions was used to collect data. Frequency distribution and percentage were computed to describe each variable. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression with a 95% confidence interval was also carried out to see the effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable and declared statistically significant association with P < 0.05. RESULT: The mean knowledge score of nurses was 25.22 out of 41 item questions. Fifty-two point 5 % of nurses score above the mean. Males [AOR = 0.44, 95% CI (0.26-0.73)], working a maximum of eight hours [AOR = 3.57, 95% CI (1.48-8.61), not having training [(AOR = 2.31, 95% CI (1.14-4.61)], Low salary [AOR = 3.47, 95% CI (1.03-11.67)] were significantly associated with inadequate knowledge. CONCLUSION: Generally a nurse's knowledge of pressure ulcers was inadequate. Being female, working less than or equal to eight hours, not having the training and low working salary are contributors to a low level of knowledge for pressure ulcers.

Prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea, its intensity, impact and associated factors among female students' at Gondar town preparatory school, Northwest Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Primary dysmenorrhea is defined as a crampy pain in the lower abdomen before or during the menstrual period in the absence of any pelvic pathology. It is the leading motherhood problem worldwide but there is limited evidence on the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea in the study area as well in Ethiopia. Researching primary dysmenorrhea helps to focus on the treatment plan. The study aimed to assess the prevalence, intensity, impact, and associated factors of primary dysmenorrhea among female students at Gondar town preparatory school. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design conducted among female students at Gondar town Preparatory School from May 1-10/2017. A total of 459 study participants were used. A simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants. A self-administered structured questionnaire was employed. Epi Info version 7 and SPSS version 20 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. A binary logistic regression model was computed. Variables having a p-value < 0.05 in the multivariate logistic regression model were considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 459 female students participated in the study with a response rate of 96.29%. The prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea among female students was found to be 64.7% (95% CI; 60.2-69.2%). Around 61% reported moderate intensity of menstrual pain and 50.7% complain about lower abdominal pain. Sixty-five percent of study participants reported that absenteeism from school was the impact of menstrual pain. Having irregular monthly menstrual cycle (AOR = 1.70, 95% CI; 1.02, 2.84) and positive family history of dysmenorrhea (AOR = 5.19, 95% CI: 3.21, 8.37) were significantly associated with primary dysmenorrhea. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea was found to be high. Having an irregular monthly menstrual cycle and a positive family history of dysmenorrhea were determinants of primary dysmenorrhea.

HIV positive status disclosure and associated factor among HIV infected children in pediatric ART clinics in Gondar town public health facilities, North West Ethiopia, 2018.

BACKGROUND: Due to the increasing availability of antiretroviral treatment, HIV infected children are living longer which points out the necessity of disclosure. And which is important to support the uptake and adherence to treatment. Disclosure is an important measure to prevent secondary transmission when children are sexually active. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HIV positive status disclosure and associated factors among human immune virus-infected children in pediatric antiretroviral treatment clinics in Gondar town public health facilities. METHOD: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 449 primary caregivers of children aged 6-15years in regular follow-up at pediatric ART clinics in Gondar town public health facilities between March 3, 2018, to April 25, 2018. All subjects in the study area were included in the study. Data was collected in 5 pediatric ART clinics in Gondar town by structured questionnaires through face to face interview and supplemented by chart review to obtain some clinical factors. The variables which have an association with disclosure were identified on the basis of AOR, with 95%CI and p-value <0. 05. Model fitness was checked using Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness of fit test. RESULT: Out of 449 participants, 418 were interviewed with response rate of 93%. The prevalence of HIV positive status disclosure found to be 44%. Age of child >10years [AOR=5.88, (95% CI: 3.52, 9.81)], duration on ART [AOR=2.67 (95% CI: 1.59, 4.51)], place of follow-up [AOR=2.23 (95% CI: 1.27, 5.01)] and educational status of caregiver [AOR=3.00 (95% CI: 1.62, 5.56)] were identified variables. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of disclosure found to be low. Therefore appropriate measure should be taken to promote disclosure.

Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy prevalence and associated factors among pregnant women attending ante natal care at Gondar town health Institutions, North West Ethiopia 2017.

INTRODUCTION: Hypertensive disorders of Pregnancy are the major complications that cause about 60%-80% of all maternal deaths. Preeclampsia is a major hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that had caused maternal mortalities and morbidities all round the world. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension disorder and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care service at Gondar town public health institutions. METHODS: Institutional based cross-sectional study were conducted from April-June 2017 in Gondar town public health institutions, Northwest Ethiopia. The data were entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 20.0. RESULT: The prevalence of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy were 16.8%. Maternal age, family history of hypertension, and alcohol intake during pregnancy were significantly associated with hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. CONCLUSION: The finding of this study showed that there were a considerable proportion of women had hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Therefore, it is important to give health education to develop health seeking behavior of pregnant women.