ABSTRACT
Injuries of the lower leg are rather frequent in every day orthopedic routine. Process of healing takes quite a long time and is commonly dependent on the proper vasculature. e study was carried out on 50 human lower legs obtained during autopsies. The anatomy of the vascular system of the leg was studied using classical anatomical dissection methods. Based also on literature we have reviewed the current knowledge on the vascularization of the lower leg and its embryological background.
Subject(s)
Leg/anatomy & histology , Leg/blood supply , Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology , Muscle, Skeletal/blood supply , Tibial Arteries/anatomy & histology , Autopsy , Humans , Skin/blood supply , Tibial Arteries/surgeryABSTRACT
Duracryl Plus is a synthetic resin, self-polymerizing copolymer of methyl methacrylate and acrylate, which is widely used in dental practice. The aim of this study was to apply it to fill the venous vascular beds of human hearts to obtain corrosion cast ready to describe wanted parameters of venous coronary vessels.
Subject(s)
Acrylic Resins/therapeutic use , Coronary Sinus/pathology , Coronary Vessels/pathology , Corrosion Casting/methods , Plaque, Atherosclerotic/therapy , Blood Vessels , Coronary Circulation , Hemodynamics/physiology , Humans , Models, CardiovascularABSTRACT
The study was carried out on 80 human hearts (64 male and 16 female). The whole material has been divided into 4 groups: I - aged 19-40; II - aged 41-50; III - aged 51-60 and IV - aged 61-70. The venous vascular bed of 80 hearts was injected through the coronary sinus with Duracryl plus (Spofa Dental, Czech Republic) and next corroded. Thus obtained specimens were measured using electronic caliper (MAU-a E 0-150, Horex, Poland). The length of the coronary sinus varied from 15-50 mm (with the mean value of 30 mm in male hearts and 25 mm in female hearts). The caliber of the vessels varied from 7-13 mm. The length of the coronary sinus is not age-dependent, however it is longer in male than female hearts. Generally the caliber of male coronary sinus is bigger than in the female, although it isn't statistically significant.
Subject(s)
Coronary Sinus/anatomy & histology , Heart Atria/anatomy & histology , Sex Characteristics , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Anthropometry/methods , Cadaver , Coronary Vessels/anatomy & histology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Models, Cardiovascular , Sex Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
The study was carried out on 50 human lower legs obtained during autopsies. The anatomy of the joint was studied using classical anatomical description methods. Based also on literature we have reviewed the current knowledge on the inferior tibiofibular joint.
Subject(s)
Ankle Joint/anatomy & histology , Fibula/anatomy & histology , Tibia/anatomy & histology , Arthroscopy/methods , Autopsy , Female , Humans , Ligaments, Articular/anatomy & histology , MaleABSTRACT
Based on current literature authors reviewed information on bile metabolism, i.e. production and chemical compounds, synthesis of bile acids, their hepato-intestinal circulation with respect to etiology of cholelithiasis - its epidemiology and clinical aspects.
Subject(s)
Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism , Bile/metabolism , Cholelithiasis/epidemiology , Cholelithiasis/metabolism , Age Factors , Humans , Lipid MetabolismABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The anterior communicating artery (ACoA) is the most frequent site of intracranial aneurysm location. Despite many studies the frequency of aneurysm occurrence with anatomical anomalies is still poorly described. Moreover the significance of the A2 segment of anterior cerebral artery anomalies has been neglected. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and types of variations of the anterior cerebral circulation in patients with ACoA aneurysms and to analyze their relation to aneurysm occurrence in the Polish population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 50 patients with an established radiological diagnosis of ACoA aneurysm and 100 healthy age- and sex-matched controls using Computed Tomgraphy Angio- graphy. Maximum Intensity and Volume Rendering Projections were used to examine the cerebral arterial circulation. Univariate logistic regression was used to determine the statistical association between ACoA complex anomalies and aneurysm occurrence. RESULTS: Patients in the study group had a significantly higher incidence of hypoplastic A1 seg- ment of the anterior cerebral artery (24% vs. 7%; p <0.01) and aplastic A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery (12% vs. 3%; p = 0.03). The frequency of A1 segment hypoplasia or aplasia in the study group was 36%. There was a statistical trend regarding A2 segment aplasia/hypoplasia as a potential predictor of ACoA aneurysm (6% vs. 1%; p = 0.07). CONCLUSION: Occurrence of an ACoA aneurysm is associated with hypoplasia or aplasia of the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery. A2 segment anomalies may potentially be associated with aneurysm formation.
Subject(s)
Anterior Cerebral Artery/abnormalities , Anterior Cerebral Artery/pathology , Intracranial Aneurysm/pathology , Aged , Angiography, Digital Subtraction/methods , Anterior Cerebral Artery/diagnostic imaging , Female , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/instrumentation , Intracranial Aneurysm/diagnostic imaging , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Predictive Value of TestsABSTRACT
Foramen of mandible is the most important point considering the Halsted anesthesia. Position of this foramen seems to be stable, however there are lots of controversies regarded to its position. Based on the current literature authors revised datas from literature considering the location of the mandibular foramen.
