ABSTRACT
In 2018 consecutive newborn ultrasound examination of the hip was performed according to the method of Graf within the first 14 days of life (average 4th day). Typ IIa was seen as normal in newborn child. Birth weight was classified according to standards of Lubchenco and Hohenauer. Newborn with high birth weight (LGA) revealed an incidence of CDH (Typ IIc according to Graf or worse) nearly twice as high as in normal weighted newborn (AGA) (6.11% vs 3.51% [Lubchenco] and 7.95 vs 3.09 [Hohenauer]). Even in children with birth weight between 75th and 90th percentile we found a CDH incidence of 5.54%. Ultrasound examination of the hip is suggested in newborn children with high birth weight because of a higher risk for development of a CDH. Other risk-factors like breech position or of CDH.
Subject(s)
Birth Weight , Fetal Organ Maturity/physiology , Hip Dislocation, Congenital/embryology , Hip Joint/embryology , Female , Hip Dislocation, Congenital/classification , Hip Dislocation, Congenital/diagnostic imaging , Hip Joint/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Neonatal Screening , Pregnancy , Risk Factors , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
In West Germany the incidence of new cases of genitourinary tuberculosis has continued to decline just as the trend of the tuberculosis situation decreased in the development countries, which is certainly due to modern chemotherapy and effective hygienic health care. Genitourinary manifestation also follows the consistently steady decline of tuberculosis. Most patients are in the age group 31 to 55 years, and the average rate of patients from the Third World is high. The actual epidemiological data are presented. The modalities of modern treatment are reported, especially modern short-course chemotherapy, toxicity of modern antituberculous drugs, the problems of a inpatient or outpatient treatment and the complication of HIV-infection and tuberculosis are discussed.
Subject(s)
Tuberculosis, Urogenital/epidemiology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Incidence , Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Urogenital/drug therapyABSTRACT
To determine whether responses to exercise in children with sickle cell trait (AS) are different from those of normal children, we performed dynamic cycle ergometer stress testing in 48 children with AS, aged 4 to 21 years. We compared these data with those obtained from 184 healthy black children. No subject with AS demonstrated definite ischemia on the exercise ECG, but four (8.3%) had equivocal ischemia. Population statistics derived from Z score values showed that the subjects with AS had lower exercise values for heart rate and work load than the controls. The BP response to exercise was normal in subjects with AS. Since no ischemia or complications occurred, exercise in subjects with AS appears to be safe. Further studies are needed to define the mechanism for the impaired pulse rate and work load variables.
