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Nat Commun ; 5: 5650, 2014 Nov 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25427601

ABSTRACT

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) constitute a family of ubiquitously expressed essential enzymes that ligate amino acids to their cognate tRNAs for protein synthesis. Recently, aaRS mutations have been linked to various human diseases; however, how these mutations lead to diseases has remained unclear. In order to address the importance of aminoacylation fidelity in multicellular organisms, we generated an amino-acid double-sieving model in Drosophila melanogaster using phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (PheRS). Double-sieving-defective mutations dramatically misacylate non-cognate Tyr, induce protein mistranslation and cause endoplasmic reticulum stress in flies. Mutant adults exhibit many defects, including loss of neuronal cells, impaired locomotive performance, shortened lifespan and smaller organ size. At the cellular level, the mutations reduce cell proliferation and promote cell death. Our results also reveal the particular importance of the first amino-acid recognition sieve. Overall, these findings provide new mechanistic insights into how malfunctioning of aaRSs can cause diseases.


Subject(s)
Drosophila Proteins/metabolism , Drosophila melanogaster/enzymology , Drosophila melanogaster/growth & development , Phenylalanine-tRNA Ligase/genetics , Protein Biosynthesis , Animals , Cell Death , Cell Proliferation , Drosophila Proteins/genetics , Drosophila melanogaster/cytology , Drosophila melanogaster/genetics , Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress , Gene Knockout Techniques , Mutation , Phenylalanine-tRNA Ligase/deficiency
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