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1.
Public Health Action ; 5(2): 140-6, 2015 Jun 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26400386

ABSTRACT

SETTING: All 19 public health laboratories in Swaziland that had Xpert(®) MTB/RIF machines installed as part of a countrywide roll-out between June 2011 and June 2014. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utilisation and functionality of Xpert from 2011 to mid-2014. DESIGN: Descriptive study of Xpert implementation using routinely collected data. RESULTS: Of 48 829 Xpert tests conducted, 93% were successful: 14% detected Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 12% showed rifampicin resistance. The most common cause of unsuccessful tests was an 'Error' result (62%). Similar findings were obtained in government-supported and partner-supported laboratories. Annual utilisation of Xpert improved from 51% of maximum capacity in 2011 and 2012 to 74% in 2013 and 2014. A monitoring and supervision exercise of all Xpert testing sites in 2014 showed a generally good performance, with over 50% of laboratories achieving a ⩾80% score on most components. However, poor scores were obtained with equipment use and maintenance (6% achieving a score of ⩾80%), internal audit (19% achieving a score of ⩾80%) and process control (25% achieving a score of ⩾80%). CONCLUSION: Countrywide roll-out of Xpert in Swaziland has been successful, although operational issues have been identified and need to be resolved.


Contexte : Tous les 19 laboratoires de santé publique du Swaziland qui ont bénéficié de l'installation de machines Xpert® MTB/RIF dans le cadre d'un déploiement dans l'ensemble du pays entre juin 2011 et juin 2014.Objectif : Evaluer l'utilisation et la fonctionnalité du text Xpert de 2011 à juin 2014.Schéma : Etude descriptive de la mise en œuvre du test Xpert grâce à des données recueillies en routine.Resultats : Au total, 48 829 tests Xpert ont été réalisés. Parmi eux, 93% l'ont été avec succès dont 14% qui ont détecté Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; parmi ces derniers, 12% étaient résistants à la rifampicine. La cause la plus fréquente de tests non aboutis a été un résultat qualifié d' « Erreur ¼ (62%). Des laboratoires soutenus par le gouvernement et par des partenaires ont obtenu des résultats similaires. L'utilisation annuelle du test Xpert s'est améliorée, passant de 51% de la capacité maximale en 2011 et 2012 à 74% en 2013 et 2014. Un exercice de suivi et évaluation de tous les sites de tests Xpert en 2014 a mis en évidence une performance généralement bonne, puisque plus de 50% des laboratoires atteignaient un score ⩾80% sur la majorité des éléments. Cependant, des scores médiocres ont été obtenus en ce qui concerne l'utilisation des équipements et leur maintenance (6% des sites atteignant un score ⩾80%), l'audit interne (19% atteignant un score ⩾80%) et le contrôle des procédures (25% atteignant un score ⩾80%).Conclusion : Le déploiement national du test Xpert au Swaziland a été un succès, même si certains problèmes opérationnels ont été identifiés et nécessitent d'être résolus.


Marco de referencia: Los 19 laboratorios de salud pública de Swazilandia que cuentan con el sistema diagnóstico Xpert® MTB/RIF, que se instauró como parte del despliegue a escala nacional realizado de junio del 2011 a junio del 2014.Objetivo: Evaluar la utilización del sistema Xpert y su funcionalidad del 2011 hasta mediados del 2014.Método: Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo de la ejecución del sistema Xpert a partir de los datos recogidos de manera sistemática.Resultados: En el período de estudio se practicaron 48 829 pruebas Xpert. En el 93% de las pruebas se obtuvo un resultado adecuado, de las cuales el 14% detectó cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis; el 12% de estas cepas exhibió resistencia a rifampicina. La causa más frecuente de fallo de la prueba fue un resultado de 'error' (62%). Estos datos concuerdan con los registrados en los laboratorios financiados por el gobierno o por otros asociados. La utilización anual de las pruebas Xpert aumentó, de un 51% de la capacidad máxima en el 2011 y el 2012 hasta un 74% en el 2013 y el 2014. Un ejercicio de seguimiento y supervisión de todos los centros que practican las pruebas Xpert realizado en el 2014 puso en evidencia un rendimiento adecuado global y más del 50% de los laboratorios alcanzó una puntuación ⩾ 80% en la mayoría de los componentes. Sin embargo, las puntuaciones fueron bajas en materia de utilización y mantenimiento de los equipos (un 6% de laboratorios obtuvo una puntuación ⩾80%), supervisión interna (un 19% obtuvo una puntuación ⩾80%) y de control de los procedimientos (un 25% de laboratorios logró una puntuación ⩾80%).Conclusión: El despliegue del sistema Xpert a escala nacional en Swazilandia ha sido eficaz, pese a que se detectaron algunos aspectos operativos que precisan rectificación.

3.
Anim Genet ; 26(5): 299-306, 1995 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7486246

ABSTRACT

A panel of 81 new polymorphic bovine microsatellite markers is described, together with further information on a previously reported group of 16 markers. The mean polymorphism information content of the 97 markers determined in 20 cattle was 0.66. Seventy-three of these markers have been assigned to chromosomes by either linkage analysis or use of hybrid cell panels. Thirty-nine of the markers were polymorphic in sheep, and 32 were polymorphic in goat. This study identified a set of 18 robust markers that were polymorphic in all three species and that covered 14 bovine chromosomes. This provides a single group of markers, which would be suited to genetic distance analysis and parentage control in cattle, sheep and goat.


Subject(s)
Cattle/genetics , Chromosome Mapping , Goats/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid , Sheep/genetics , Animals , Base Sequence , DNA Primers , Genetic Markers , Genomic Library , Molecular Sequence Data , Polymerase Chain Reaction
4.
Anim Genet ; 26(4): 243-8, 1995 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7661396

ABSTRACT

A small number of west African Bos taurus cattle breeds, including the N'Dama, constitute a valuable genetic resource by virtue of their ability to remain productive under trypanosomiasis challenge. However, introgression of Bos indicus genes into the trypanotolerant breeds, particularly by introduction of zebu bulls, is a threat to this resource. This work describes the characterization and cloning of a bovine randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) that is generated in polymorphic DNA (RAPD) that is generated in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the 10 base primer ILO1065 from Bos indicus male templates, but not from B. taurus male templates or female templates of either type. Male-specific sequences with homology to the RAPD also occur in B. taurus breeds. This suggests that the polymorphism may be due to base substitution(s) in an ILO1065 priming site, or insertion/deletion events either affecting priming sites or occurring between sites on the cattle Y chromosome. We have shown that cattle, whether of B. indicus or B. taurus phenotype, which possess a typically B. indicus metaphase Y chromosome on the basis of QFQ banding, have a B. indicus ILO1065-generated genotype. The ILO1065-primed RAPD can be used in a simple dot blot assay as a probe of RAPD-PCR products, to provide a convenient, reliable and effective means of detecting introgression of zebu genes in B. taurus cattle populations.


Subject(s)
Cattle/genetics , DNA/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , Y Chromosome , Africa, Western , Animals , Base Sequence , Cloning, Molecular , DNA Primers/genetics , Female , Gene Amplification , Genotype , Karyotyping , Male , Molecular Sequence Data , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Species Specificity
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