Role of ultrasound evaluation for the diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid tuberculosis: A case report and review of the literature.

Thyroid tuberculosis (TT) is an extremely rare condition, with acute abscess formation being the most uncommon form of presentation. Mycobacterium tuberculosis may affect the thyroid gland through hematogenous spread from an extra-thyroid focus of disease or by direct extension from adjacent cervical lymph nodes. Due to the non-specific imaging findings and the variable clinical manifestations, TT is rarely diagnosed promptly prior to percutaneous biopsy or surgery. The present study reports the dynamic monitoring of the sonographic features of a case with thyroid tuberculosis that was diagnosed by a thyroid ultrasound (US) scan, confirmed by a US-guided core-needle biopsy and followed-up sonographically during the whole course of treatment.

[A prospective cohort study of the risk factors of emergence agitation in pediatric after general anesthesia].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate risk factors associated with emergence agitation (EA) in pediatrics after general anesthesia. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted in 268 pediatric patients aged 2-9 years, who received general anesthesia for various operative procedures in our hospital between January 2008 and October 2011. The incidence of EA was assessed. Difficult parental-separation behavior, pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions, and adverse events were also recorded. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to determine the factors associated with EA. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: One hundred and sixteen children (43.3%) had EA, with an average duration of 9.1 ± 6.6 minutes. EA associated with adverse events occurred in 35 agitated children (30.2%). From univariate analysis, factors associated with EA were difficult parental-separation behavior, preschool age (2 - 5 years), and general anesthesia with sevoflurane. However, difficult parental-separation behavior, and preschool age were the only factors significantly associated with EA in the multiple Logistic regression analysis with OR = 3.091 (95%CI: 1.688, 5.465, P < 0.01) and OR = 1.965 (95%CI: 1.112, 3.318, P = 0.024), respectively. CONCLUSION: The present study indicated that the incidence of EA was high in PACU. Preschool children and difficult parental-separation behavior were the predictive factors of emergence agitation.