Prognostic significance of locally invaded sites and tissue types in patients with nasal extranodal natural-killer/T-cell lymphoma: a single-center retrospective analysis.

BACKGROUND: Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL), nasal type, is an aggressive entity within the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid tumors. The International Prognostic Index is reported to be prognostically meaningful for ENKTL, but lacks discriminatory power for stage I/II ENKTL with extensive local invasion. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic effects of local invasion by site and tissue type in patients with ENKTL. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data of 86 patients who were diagnosed with ENKTL by the Department of Pathology of Beijing Tongren Hospital from June 2002 to April 2016, and ascertained tumor infiltration of adjacent structures (AS), bone, and soft tissue for each patient, using physical findings and imaging scans. We used univariate and multivariate analysis to assess the association of each involved tissue or site with patients' overall survival (OS). RESULTS: Of the 86 patients, 71 (82.6%) experienced invasion of AS, 22 (25.6%) of soft tissue, and 26 (30.2%) had bone involvement. Overall, patients with AS involvement did not show significantly shorter survival than those without AS involvement (Log rank χ = 1.177, P = 0.278); however, patients who had involved eyeballs or brains showed significantly lower 2-year OS rates than those without eyeball involvement (Log rank χ = 4.105, P = 0.043) or brain involvement (Log rank χ = 7.126, P = 0.008). Patients with involved local soft tissue or bones, respectively, showed lower 2-year OS rates than those without involved local soft tissue (Log rank χ = 10.390, P = 0.001) or bones (Log rank χ = 8.993, P = 0.003). Multivariate analysis showed that involvement of the cheek or facial muscles (hazard ratio, HR = 5.471, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.466-20.416, P = 0.011) and the maxilla bone (HR = 6.120, 95% CI: 1.517-24.694, P = 0.011) were significantly independent predictors of lower 2-year OS rates. CONCLUSIONS: Imaging can accurately detect ENKTL invasion of AS, soft tissue, and bone. Involvement of local soft tissue or bone was significantly associated with lower 2-year OS rates. Involvements of the cheek or facial muscle, as well as maxilla bone, are independent predictors of lower 2-year OS rates in ENKTL patients.

[Experimental evaluation of the cross sections in Cs (6D(1/2)) + Cs(6S(1/2)) inelastic collisions].

At a Cs density higher than 9 x 10(14) cm(-3), cesium vapor was irradiated in a glass fluorescence cell with pulses of radiation from an YAG-laser-pumped OPO laser, populating 6D(5/2) state by two-photon absorption. Energy transfer in Cs6(D(5/2)) + Cs (6S) collisions was studied using methods of atomic fluorescence. At the different Cs densities, we have measured the time-integrated intensities of the components and fitted a three-state rate equation model to obtain the cross sections. The experimental points were fitted to a straight line very well. The authors converted the gradient and intercept into cross sections. The cross section for 6D(5/2)-->6D(3/2) transfer is (2.1 +/- 0.4) x 10(14) cm2. The cross section for excitation transfer out of the 6D doublet is sigmaQ = (1.6 +/- 0.4) x 10(-14) cm2. The cross section on contains information on reverse energy pooling collisions [i.e., Cs(6D(3/2)) + Cs (6S(1/2))-->Cs(6P) + 6Cs(P)] and contribution from mining in 6Dj-->7P(J'), This latter contribution could be subtracted out using the results of a second experiment. At a Cs density lower than 6.0 x 10(12) cm3, the laser was used to pump the 6D(3/2) and 6D(5/2) states, respectively. The resulting fluorescence included the direct component emitted in the decay of the 6D(J) state and the sensitized component arising from the collisionally populated 7P(J') state. Relative intensities of the components yielded the cross sections. The cross-sections for the processes Cs(6D(5/2)) + Cs(6S(1/2))-->Cs(7P(J')) + Cs(6S(1/2)) are (1.6 +/- 0.5) x 10(-15) cm2. for J'= 3/2 and (6.5 +/- 2.1) x 10(-16) cm2, for J' = 1/2, respectively. The cross-sections for the processes Cs(6D(3/2) + Cs(6S(1/2))-->Cs (7P(J')) + Cs(6S(1/2)) are (1.9 +/- 0.6) x 10(-15) cm2. for J' = 3/2 and (7.6 + 2.4) x 10(-16) cm2, for J' = 1/2, respectively. The 6D(J) -->7P(J'), energy transfer rate coefficient is small. The total quenching rate coefficient out of the 6D(J) state is much larger. Evidence suggests that the quenching of the 6D(J) state is caused predominantly by reverse energy-pooling process. The cross section for this process, i.e., Cs(6D(3/2))+Cs(6S(1/2))-->Cs(6P) + Cs(6P) is (1.3 +/- 0.4) x 10(-14) cm2.

[Reactive and nonreactive energy transfer in Cs(6D(J))+ (H2, He) collisions].

Cs vapor, mixed with a gas was irradiated in a glass fluorescence cell with pulses of 886nm radiation from a YAG-laser-pumped OPO laser, populating 6D3/2 state by two-photon absorption. Cross sections for 6D3/2 --> 6D5/2 transition induced by collisions with various H(e) atoms and H2 molecules were determined using methods of atomic fluorescence. The resulting fluorescence included a direct component emitted in the decay of the optically excited state and a sensitized component arising from the collisionally populated state. At the different densities, we have measured the relative time-integrated intensities of the components and fitted a three-state rate equation model to obtain the cross sections for 6D3/2 --> 6D5/2 transfer: sigma = (55 +/- 13) x 10(-16) and (16 +/- 4) x 10(-16) cm2 for H2 and H(e), respectively. The cross sections for the effective quenching of the 6D5/2 state were also determined. The total transfer rate coefficients from the 6D5/2 state for H(e) is small [1.2 x 10(-10) cm3 x s(-1)]. The total quenching rate coefficient of the 6D5/2 state is larger for H2 [6.7 x 10(-10) cm3 z s(-1)]. For H2 case, the quenching rate coefficient corresponds to reaction and nonreactive energy transfer. Evidence suggests that the nonreactive energy transfer rate coefficient is [6.3 x 10(-10) cm3 x s(-1)]. Hence the authors estimated the cross section (2.0 +/- 0.8) x 10(-16) cm2 for reactive process Cs(6D5/2) + H2 --> CsH + H. Using the dependence on the pressure of H2 (or H(e)) of the integrated fluorescence monitored at the 6D5/2 --> 6P3/2 transition the cross section (4.0 +/- 1.6) x 10(-16) cm2 for Cs (6D3/2) + H2 --> CsH + H was obtained. Thus, the relative reactivity with H2 follows an order of Cs (6D3/2) > Cs (6D5/2).