A control study on pain characteristics and influencing factors in patients with depressive disorders-based on a 5-year follow-up report from the epidemiological survey of mental disorders in Shandong Province, China.

BACKGROUND: This study extends from the 2015 Shandong Province Epidemiological Survey of Mental Disorders in adults aged 18 and above. Over five years, it investigates pain characteristics and influencing factors in individuals with depressive disorders in Shandong Province. METHODS: The study encompasses 871 individuals who met DSM-IV criteria for depressive disorders in 2015. Using 1:1:1 matching by gender, age, and residence, 825 non-afflicted individuals were selected as high-risk controls, and 825 screening-negative individuals became low-risk controls. A follow-up study in 2020 involved 1848 participants. Survey tools included a general information questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), SCID-I/P, Global Pain Scale (GPS), Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ), PSQI, MoCA, and clinical data questionnaire. RESULTS: GPS scores in the current depressive group were higher than in non-current depressive group (Z = 14.36, P < 0.01). GPS scores in study group exceeded those in high-risk and low-risk control groups (H = 93.71, P < 0.01). GPS scores in non-remission group were higher than in the remission group (Z = 8.90, P < 0.01). Regression analysis revealed positive correlations between GPS scores and physical illnesses, current depression, incumbency, GHQ-12 total score, and PSQI total score. Negative correlations were observed with QLQ total score and MoCA total score. LIMITATIONS: The study could not assess pain during the 2015 survey, limiting controlled pain analysis before and after five years. CONCLUSION: Depression sufferers may experience prolonged heightened pain, potentially relieved when depression subsides. Individual pain is influenced by depression, physical illnesses, sleep quality, quality of life, cognitive function, gender, residence, and occupation.

Lactoferrin-Loaded PEG/PLA Block Copolymer Targeted With Anti-Transferrin Receptor Antibodies for Alzheimer Disease.

Last few years, struggles have been reported to develop the nanovesicles for drug delivery via the brain-blood barrier (BBB). Novel drugs, for instance, iAß5, are efficient to inhibit the aggregates connected to the treatment of Alzheimer disease and are being evaluated, but most of the reports reflect some drawbacks of the drugs to reach the brain in preferred concentrations owing to the less BBB penetrability of the surface dimensions. In this report, we designed and developed a new approach to enhance the transport of drug via BBB, constructed with lactoferrin (Lf)-coated polyethylene glycol-polylactide nanoparticles (Lf-PPN) with superficial monoclonal antibody-functionalized antitransferrin receptor and anti-Aß to deliver the iAß5 hooked on the brain. The porcine brain capillary endothelial cells were utilized as BBB typically to examine the framework efficacy and toxicity. The cellular uptake of the immuno-nanoparticles with measured conveyance of the iAß5 peptide was significantly enhanced and associated with Lf-PPN without monoclonal antibody functionalizations.

One-Pot Synthesis of Doped-Polypyrrole/Fe3O4 Nanosphere Composites and Their Microwave Absorption Performance.

Doped-polypyrrole/Fe3O4 (D-PPy/Fe3O4) nanospheres were successfully synthesized via a onepot process. In this process, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) plays an important role in the construction of polypyrrole nanoparticles, and Fe3+ ions were the oxidant and the only raw resource of Fe3O4. The morphology, magnetic properties, and electromagnetic microwave absorption properties of D-PPy/Fe3O4 composites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and a vector network analyser (VNA). The results indicate that D-PPy/Fe3O4 nanospheres become more disperse and regular due to the addition of PVA. The influence of the mass ratio of PVA to pyrrole on the microwave absorption performance of the D-PPy/Fe3O4 composites was also investigated. When the mass ratio of PVA/pyrrole was 0.75:1, the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) value of the D-PPy/Fe3O4 composites reached -41.3 dB at 7.7 GHz with a thickness of 3.0 mm. The microwave interference cancellation of interface reflection, nature resonance loss and current loss are the main reasons for the loss of electromagnetic microwaves for the as-prepared D-PPy/Fe3O4 composites.

Association study of polymorphisms in the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit and catechol-o-methyl transferase genes with sensory gating in first-episode schizophrenia.

The purpose of the current study was to explore the association of auditory P50 sensory gating (P50) and prepulse inhibition (PPI) of schizophrenia with polymorphisms in the CHRNA7 and COMT genes. One hundred and fourty patients with schizophrenia participated in this study. They were administered the tests P50 and PPI. Moreover, three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs2337980, rs1909884 and rs883473) in CHRNA7 and three SNPs (rs4680, rs737865 and rs165599) in COMT were selected to be genotyped by polyacrylamide gel microarray techniques. P50 index showed significant reduction in S2 amplitude between wild-type and mutation groups in the COMT rs4680. S1 amplitude of mutation group in the COMT rs737865 was also lower compared to wild-type group. PPI index revealed a shorter pulse latency of mutation group in the rs4680. The suppression ratio of mutation group was lower in COMT rs165599. Negative findings were shown between comparisons in all the CHRNA7 SNPs. We find that P50 and PPI may be influenced by COMT rs4680 polymorphisms in schizophrenia; more excitingly, we find that P50 might be influenced by COMT rs737865 polymorphisms and PPI may be influenced by COMT rs165599 polymorphisms in schizophrenia, and their mutations are associated with the reduction of the risk of P50 or PPI defects in schizophrenia. Futher studies with a larger number of subjects are needed to verify the present findings.

Upregulation of adenosine A2A receptors induced by atypical antipsychotics and its correlation with sensory gating in schizophrenia patients.

Sensory gating deficits have been found in patients with schizophrenia and their unaffected relatives. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanism of this deficit remains unclear. Pre-clinical studies have implicated adenosine in sensory gating deficits in schizophrenia. Therefore, the current study investigated a possible relationship between peripheral adenosine A2A receptor (ADORA2A) and sensory gating indices (P50 measures) in medication-free schizophrenia (n=31) and healthy (n=21) groups. The effects of six-week antipsychotic treatment were examined. At baseline, schizophrenia patients showed impaired sensory gating compared to healthy controls. However, there was no significant difference in ADORA2A gene expression among groups. In addition, ADORA2A expression was not correlated with sensory gating at any time point. Following treatment, we found a significant upregulation of ADORA2A expression. Intriguingly, we observed a significant positive association between ADORA2A upregulation and baseline P50 amplitudes in the schizophrenia group. A main finding of the current pilot study is the upregulation of ADORA2A expression following treatment with antipsychotics. In addition, this upregulation was predicted by baseline P50 amplitude, an observation that awaits replication in an expanded sample.

Neuroleptic effects on P50 sensory gating in patients with first-episode never-medicated schizophrenia.

Sensory gating deficit, as reflected by P50 suppression, has been demonstrated in schizophrenia. Despite extensive evidence of the irreversible effects of typical neuroleptics on this deficit, recent studies of atypical neuroleptics have produced inconsistent findings on the reversibility of P50 suppression in schizophrenia. As the majority of these studies were limited by either their cross-sectional design or the recruitment of patients on multiple medications, the current study was designed to examine the effects of different neuroleptic medications on the P50 sensory gating index in patients with first-episode, never-medicated schizophrenia. P50-evoked potential recordings were obtained from 62 normal controls when they entered the study and from 65 patients with first-episode, never-medicated schizophrenia at baseline and after six weeks of different neuroleptic treatments (sulpiride [n=24], risperidone [n=24] and clozapine [n=17]). The first-episode, never-medicated schizophrenia patients had impaired sensory gating relative to the normal controls (mean=94.19% [SD=61.31%] versus mean=41.22% [SD=33.82%]). The test amplitude S2 was significantly higher in the schizophrenia patients than in the normal controls. The conditioning amplitude S1 and the positive symptom scores were related to the P50 gating ratios in schizophrenia at baseline. There was no change in P50 sensory gating (P>0.10) and a significant improvement in the clinical ratings (P>0.10) after six-week neuroleptic treatment for schizophrenia. P50 sensory gating was not significant for the patients who received sulpiride, risperidone or clozapine at baseline (F=1.074, df=2, 62, P=0.348) or at endpoint (F=0.441, df=2, 62, p=0.646). Our findings indicate that there is P50 sensory gating impairment in first-episode, never-medicated schizophrenia and that treatment with typical and atypical antipsychotics has no significant impact on such gating in this illness.

[The transmission disequilibrium analysis between neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 7 subunit gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 7 subunit (CHRNA7) gene and schizophrenia. METHODS: The three polymorphisms rs2337980, rs1909884, rs883473 in CHRNA7 gene were detected based on PCR and polyacrylamide gel microarray in 129 schizophrenic trios. The results of genotyping were analyzed by haplotype relative risk analysis based on haplotype(HHRR), transmission disequilibrium test(TDT) and hyplotype analysis. RESULTS: (1)The HHRR analysis suggested that there was significant differences in rs2337980 allele frequencies between schizophrenia group and dummy control group(P= 0.017); (2)In TDT test, there may be transmission disequilibrium between rs2337980 and schizophrenia, the heterozygous parents excessively transferred the C allele to patients (P= 0.021); (3)The haplotype between rs2337980 and rs1909884 as well as the hyplotype among rs2337980, rs1909884 and rs883473 may have significant association with schizophrenia (global P= 0.034; global P= 0.027), the T-C and T-C-T hyplotype may have transmission disequilibrium with schizophrenia. CONCLUSION: There may be association between CHRNA7 gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia, the variant allele T in rs2337980 may have a protective effect to schizophrenia.