The application of probiotic after antibiotics treatment promotes the recovery of pediatric bronchopneumonia infection.

OBJECTIVE: We aim to investigate the treatment efficacy of combinational applications of oral probiotic with intravenous infusion of antibiotics in pediatric bronchopneumonia infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 76 pediatric patients with bronchopneumonia infection were included in the study. We divided the patients into observation group (n=38) and control group (n=38). The patients in control group received intravenous infusion of antibiotics and symptomatic treatments. In the observation group, in addition to the treatments of the control group, the patients also received oral probiotic. We compared the effective times of treatment, including the durations of wet rale in lung auscultation, cough, fever, and the total time of hospitalization. Additionally, we also recorded the occurrence of adverse reaction, including rash and gastrointestinal reaction. Meanwhile, laboratory tests for systemic inflammation were recorded at different time points. RESULTS: The durations of rale in lung auscultation (p=0.006), cough (p=0.019), fever (p=0.012), and the total time of hospitalization (p=0.046) in observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group. The incidence rate of diarrhea was 10.5% (4/38) in the observation group, and 34.2% (13/38) in the control group, with a significantly statistical difference (p=0.013). In the laboratory tests, we found that blood lymphocyte (p=0.034) and high-sensitive C reactive protein (p=0.004) were significantly higher in the control group than that in the observation group at 7th day after the treatments. CONCLUSIONS: The combinational applications of probiotic and antibiotics in pediatric bronchopneumonia infection were safe and effective and can lower the diarrhea rate.

Long-term shunt patency and overall survival of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement using covered stents with bare stents versus covered stents alone.

AIM: To investigate the long-term shunt patency and overall survival of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement using covered stents with or without bare stents over a follow-up period up to 7 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 154 patients undergoing TIPS placement were enrolled and analysed retrospectively. They were divided into two groups: those undergoing TIPS placement using covered with bare stents (group A, n=42) and those without bare stents (group B, n=112). RESULTS: The cumulative 5-year primary patency rate was significantly lower in group A than in group B (group A: 0% versus group B: 66.7%; p<0.001). The cumulative 5-year overall survival rates were comparable between the two groups (group A: 76% versus group B: 58.7%; p=0.214). The baseline portal vein thrombosis (hazard ratio [HR]:4.610; 95% confidence interval [CI]:2.691-7.897; p=0.000), portal pressure decrement (HR: 0.911; 95% CI: 0.845-0.982; p=0.015), and group (HR: 0.419; 95% CI: 0.239-0.736; p=0.002) were independent predictors for shunt dysfunction, while hepatocellular carcinoma (HR: 6.615; 95% CI: 2.863-15.283; p=0.000) and ascites (HR: 2.166; 95% CI: 1.298-3.615; p=0.003) were independent predictors for mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Although TIPS placement using covered with bare stents led to lowered long-term shunt patency than using covered stents alone, the overall survival rates were similar.