ABSTRACT
Laeviganoids A-T (1-20), 20 new ent-clerodane-type diterpenoids featuring a 2-furanone (1-3) or a furan (4-20) ring, as well as six analogues (21-26), were isolated from the roots of Croton laevigatus. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic data analysis, experimental electronic circular dichroism measurements, and X-ray crystallographic studies. Compounds 4-6, 16, 21-24, and 26 could influence the anti-inflammatory protumoral phenotype of macrophages. Among these compounds, 21 and 26 are the most potent, as evidenced by consistently downregulating the classic anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and upregulating the classic pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α on the secretion level in RAW 264.7 cells.
Subject(s)
Croton , Diterpenes, Clerodane , Diterpenes , Animals , Mice , Diterpenes, Clerodane/pharmacology , Diterpenes, Clerodane/chemistry , Croton/chemistry , Molecular Structure , Diterpenes/pharmacology , Diterpenes/chemistry , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , RAW 264.7 CellsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Transformation from chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm to acute leukemia is a feature of myeloproliferative neoplasm; however, the rate is not high. Transformation to acute promyelocytic leukemia is rare. Here, we report a case of transformation of polycythemia vera to acute promyelocytic leukemia and describe a process of clonal evolution that has not yet been reported. PATIENT CONCERNS: In this case, a 51-year-old woman was diagnosed with polycythemia vera and concomitant JAK2/V617F mutations in July 2019. She underwent intermittent phlebotomy and oral hydroxyurea irregularly. After 2 years, the patient complained of fatigue and poor sleep quality for 2 months. DIAGNOSIS: Further examination revealed marked hypercellularity and grade 1 bone marrow fibrosis with the PML/RARαV variant (23.85% mutation load), WT1-Exon1 (37.8%), WT1-Exon9 (4.1%), JAK3-Exon7 (49.3%), and RELN-Exon55 (45.8%). According to the World Health Organization classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, the patient was ultimately diagnosed with a rare transformation of polycythemia vera to acute promyelocytic leukemia. INTERVENTIONS: The patient underwent dual induction therapy with all-trans-retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide. OUTCOMES: After 28 days of induction therapy, the patient achieved complete remission, was compliant and the treatment was well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Polycythemia vera can transform into acute promyelocytic leukemia; therefore, it is important to review bone aspiration and other tests to perform a comprehensive assessment and monitor the disease status, to detect disease progression and intervene early when it transforms into acute promyelocytic leukemia.
Subject(s)
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute , Myeloproliferative Disorders , Polycythemia Vera , Primary Myelofibrosis , Arsenic Trioxide , Female , Humans , Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/diagnosis , Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy , Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics , Middle Aged , Myeloproliferative Disorders/complications , Polycythemia Vera/complications , Polycythemia Vera/diagnosis , Polycythemia Vera/genetics , Primary Myelofibrosis/complicationsABSTRACT
Twelve undescribed abietane-type diterpenoids, along with ten known analogues were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Torreya grandis var. merrillii Hu. Their structures were characterized by spectroscopic data analyses, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and ECD spectra. Torgranols A-C possess three different architectures shaped via a common 6,7-seco-procedure and subsequent ring formations. In particular, torgranol A represents the first example of a 6,7-seco-abietane diterpenoid featuring a unique oxygen bridge between C-3 and C-6. The biosynthetic pathways for torgranols A-C were proposed. Some compounds displayed antimicrobial activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and/or Staphylococcus aureus.
