ABSTRACT
Zn deficiency is a common disease leading to memory impairment with increasing age. This study evaluated the protection effects of red mold rice (RMR) administration and Zn supplementation against memory and learning ability impairments from oxidative stress caused by Zn deficiency. Rats (4 weeks old) were induced to be Zn deficiency by a Zn-deficient diet for 12 weeks. After that, rats were administered Zn, 1xRMR, 5xRMR, and various dosages of RMR plus Zn, respectively. Decreases of antioxidant enzyme activities in the hippocampus and cortex were observed, and the levels of Ca, Fe, and Mg were increased in the hippocampus and cortex of Zn-deficient rats, leading to memory and learning ability injury. However, the administration of RMR (1- or 5-fold dosage) and with or without Zn significantly improved the antioxidase and neural activity to maintain cortex and hippocampus functions. This study demonstrates that RMR is a possible functional food for the prevention or cure of neural injury associated with Zn deficiency.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/analysis , Memory/drug effects , Monascus/metabolism , Oryza/microbiology , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Zinc/deficiency , Animals , Calcium/analysis , Cerebral Cortex/chemistry , Cerebral Cortex/enzymology , Diet , Fermentation , Hippocampus/chemistry , Hippocampus/enzymology , Iron/analysis , Learning/drug effects , Magnesium/analysis , Male , Oryza/chemistry , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Zinc/administration & dosage , Zinc/analysisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between school academic records and the iron, magnesium, potassium, and zinc content in adolescent girls' hair. METHODS: The iron, magnesium, potassium, and zinc content in hair samples from 148 adolescent girls was determined by atomic absorption spectrometer. Their academic records from 2 school semesters were interrelated. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between magnesium (r = 0.20; p = 0.016), and zinc (r = 0.31; p = 0.001) content in the hair and academic records. Conversely, the academic records had an inverse correlation with the potassium content (r = -0.23; p = 0.019). CONCLUSION: The content of magnesium, potassium, and zinc in adolescent girls' hair has a certain correlation with their learning performance. The exact effects of these three trace elements on adolescent learning performance warrants further study.
Subject(s)
Hair/chemistry , Iron/analysis , Learning , Magnesium/analysis , Potassium/analysis , Zinc/analysis , Adolescent , Female , HumansABSTRACT
We investigated concentrations of calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, potassium, sodium and zinc using atomic absorption spectroscopy in the hair of four groups of adult females (n = 392), ranging in age from 20 to 50 years, with different body mass index (BMI): BMI < 18, slim group; BMI 18-25, normal group; BMI 26-35, overweight or obese group; and BMI>35, morbidly obese group. We found that the group with BMI < 18 had the highest ratios for [Ca]/[Mg], [Fe]/[Cu] and [Zn]/[Cu], but the lowest ratio for [K]/[Na] in hair. On the contrary, the group with BMI > 35 had the highest ratio for [K]/[Na], but the lowest for [Fe]/[Cu] and [Zn]/[Cu] in hair. Furthermore, when we compared concentrations of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, K, Na and Zn between the groups with BMI < 18 and BMI > 35, we found that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in zinc concentrations between these two groups. In addition, there were significant differences in Ca, Cu, Mg, K and Na concentrations, with p < 0.01 at least. From this point of view, we suggest that hair concentrations of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, K, Na and Zn may be correlated with adult female BMI, but further studies are needed.
