[Effects of ryegrass and arbuscular mycorrhiza on activities of antioxidant enzymes, accumulation and chemical forms of cadmium in different varieties of tomato].

Pot experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of ryegrass and arbuscular mycorrhiza on the plant growth, malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant enzyme activities of leaf and root, accumulation and chemical forms of cadmium (Cd) in tow varieties of tomato when exposed to Cd (20 mg x kg(-1)). The results showed that dry weights of fruit and plant, and contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzyme activities of leaf and root, and concentrations and accumulations of Cd significantly differed between two varieties of tomato. Dry weights of fruit, roots, stem, leaf and plant were increased by single or combined remediation of ryegrass and arbuscular mycorrhiza, while MDA contents and antioxidant enzyme activities of leaf and root reduced. The total extractable Cd, F(E), F(W), F(NaCl), F(HAc), F(HCl), and F(R) in fruit of two varieties of tomato reduced by 19.4% - 52.4%, 31.0% - 75.2%, 19.7% - 59.1%, 3.1% - 48.2%, 20.0% - 65.0%, 40.7% - 100.0% and 15.2% - 50.0%, respectively. Cadmium accumulations in tomato were in the order of leaf > stem > fruit > root. Cadmium concentrations in leaf, stem, root and fruit of both varieties decreased by single or combined remediation of ryegrass and arbuscular mycorrhiza, and Cd accumulations of stem and plant of two varieties also reduced. Cd accumulations in fruit of two varieties decreased by 42.9% and 43.7% in the combined remediation treatments, respectively. Tolerance and resistance of 'LUO BEI QI' on Cd was more than 'De Fu mm-8', and Cd concentrations and Cd accumulations in fruit and plant were in the order of 'LUO BEI QI' < 'De Fu mm-8' in the presence or absence of single or combined remediation of ryegrass and arbuscular mycorrhiza.

[Effect of exogenous iron on accumulation and chemical forms of cadmium, and physiological characterization in different varieties of tomato].

Pot experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of different iron (Fe) levels (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 micromol.L-1) on the plant growth, activities of antioxidant enzymes, accumulation and chemical forms of cadmium (Cd) in tomato when exposed to Cd (10 mg.kg-1). The results showed that dry weights of fruit, roots, stem, leaf, and plant, and concentration and accumulation of Cd significantly differed between the two varieties of tomato tested. Dry weights of fruit, roots, stem, leaf, and plant increased in the presence of Fe. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) of root in both varieties, and activities of catalase (CAT) of root in Yufenl09 deceased at first, and then increased with increasing levels of Fe, but activities of peroxidase (POD) of root in both varieties and activities of CAT of root in 4641 increased at first, and then reduced with increasing levels of Fe. Chemical forms of Cd in fruit of tomato were in the order of FR > FHCl > FE > FNaCl > FHAC > FW. All chemical forms of Cd obviously decreased after the application of adequate Fe compared to the control, while FHcI and FR of 4641, and the total extractable Cd, FE, FNaCl and FR of Yufenl09 increased at 400 micromol.L-1Fe treatment. Cadmium accumulations of tomato were in the order of leaf > stew > fruit > roots. Cadmium concentration in leaf, stem, roots and fruit of both varieties decreased by 7. 1% -25.3% , 30. 8% -50. 4% , 13.0% -45. 1% and 2.8% -11.7% in the presence of Fe when exposed to Cd, and the Cd concentration of fruit and Cd accumulations in plant were in the order of 4641 < Yufenl09 in the presence or absence of Fe.

Removal of a broken guide wire entrapped in a fractured femoral neck.

Guide wire plays an important role in the fixation of femoral neck fracture with dynamic hip screw (DHS). Breakage of a guide wire during operation is a very rare condition. We met such a dilemma in DHS fixation of a 54-year-old male patient who sustained Garden type IV fracture of the right femoral neck. The distal end of the guide wire broke and was entrapped in the fractured femoral neck. We tried to get the broken part out by a cannulated drill. Reaming was started with the cannulated drill slowly rotating around the guide K-wire until the reamer fully contained the target under fluoroscope. A bone curette was used to get the broken wire out but failed, so we had to use the cannuated drill to dredge this bone tunnel. Finally the broken wire end was taken out, mixed with blood and bone fragments. Through the existing drilling channel, DHS fixation was easily finished. The patient had an uneventful recovery without avascular necrosis of femoral head or non-union of the fracture at one year's follow-up. A few methods can be adopted to deal with the broken guide wire. The way used in our case is less invasive but technically challenging. When the guide wire is properly positioned, this method is very practical and useful.