Glucose Fluctuations Aggravate Myocardial Fibrosis via the Nuclear Factor-κB-Mediated Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain-Like Receptor Protein 3 Inflammasome Activation.

Background: Glucose fluctuations may be associated with myocardial fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of glucose fluctuation-related myocardial fibrosis. Methods: Streptozotocin (STZ)-injected type 1 diabetic rats were randomized to five groups: the controlled blood glucose (CBG) group, uncontrolled blood glucose (UBG) group, fluctuated blood glucose (FBG) group, FBG rats injected with 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) (FBG + NaCl) group, and FBG rats injected with MCC950 (FBG + MCC950) group. Eight weeks later, left ventricular function was evaluated by echocardiography and myocardial fibrosis was observed by Masson trichrome staining. The primary neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts were cultured with different concentrations of glucose in vitro. Results: The left ventricular function was impaired and myocardial fibrosis was aggravated most significantly in the FBG group compared with the CBG and UBG groups. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-18, transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1), collagen type 1 (collagen I), nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome were significantly increased in the FBG group. In vitro, the inhibition of NF-κB and inflammasome reversed these effects. In vivo, NLRP3 inhibition with MCC950 reversed left ventricular systolic dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis induced by glucose fluctuations. Conclusion: Glucose fluctuations promote diabetic myocardial fibrosis by the NF-κB-mediated inflammasome activation.

Whole-Transcriptome Analysis of Preadipocyte and Adipocyte and Construction of Regulatory Networks to Investigate Lipid Metabolism in Sheep.

Many local sheep breeds in China have poor meat quality. Increasing intramuscular fat (IMF) content can significantly improve the quality of mutton. However, the molecular mechanisms of intramuscular adipocyte formation and differentiation remain unclear. This study compared differences between preadipocytes and mature adipocytes by whole-transcriptome sequencing and constructed systematically regulatory networks according to the relationship predicted among the differentially expressed RNAs (DERs). Sequencing results showed that in this process, there were 1,196, 754, 100, and 17 differentially expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), respectively. Gene Ontology analysis showed that most DERs enriched in Cell Part, Cellular Process, Biological Regulation, and Binding terms. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis found that the DERs primarily focused on Focal adhesion, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways. Forty (40) DERs were randomly selected from the core regulatory network to verify the accuracy of the sequence data. The results of qPCR showed that the DER expression trend was consistent with sequence data. Four novel promising candidate miRNAs (miR-336, miR-422, miR-578, and miR-722) played crucial roles in adipocyte differentiation, and they also participated in multiple and important regulatory networks. We verified the expression pattern of the miRNAs and related pathways' members at five time points in the adipocyte differentiation process (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 days) by qPCR, including miR-336/ACSL4/LncRNA-MSTRG71379/circRNA0002331, miR-422/FOXO4/LncRNA-MSTRG54995/circRNA0000520, miR-578/IGF1/LncRNA-MSTRG102235/circRNA0002971, and miR-722/PDK4/LncRNA-MSTRG107440/circ RNA0002909. In this study, our data provided plenty of valuable candidate DERs and regulatory networks for researching the molecular mechanisms of sheep adipocyte differentiation and will assist studies in improving the IMF.

Serotype distribution and clinical characteristics associated with streptococcus pneumoniae among Chinese children and adults with invasive pneumococcal disease: a multicenter observational study.

Few studies in China focused on serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). We aimed at investigating the serotype distribution for IPD-causing S. pneumoniae and vaccine coverage among Chinese children and adults. This was a multicenter, observational study to collect S. pneumoniae isolates from normal sterile sites and IPD-related clinical information among children and adults. Serotyping was performed by a Capsule-Quellung reaction test using type-specific antisera. The study collected a total of 300 eligible isolates (pediatric = 148, adult = 152) were serotyped in a central laboratory. The most prevalent serotypes were 19A (20.9%) and 23 F (20.3%) in the pediatric group; 3 (21.7%) and 19 F (11.8%) in the adult group. PCV10 had low-to-moderate serotype coverage rates for children (60.8%) and adults (34.2%). PCV13 and PPV23 had high coverage rates for children (89.9%, 93.2%) and adults (70.4%, 82.9%), respectively, Investigational PCVs including PCV15 and PCV20 had high estimated coverage rates in children (89.9%, 93.9%). The study identified 269 subjects with IPD reported as the primary diagnosis in the medical records. Sepsis (48/136, 35.3%) and pneumonia (48/133, 36.1%) had the highest occurrence in the pediatric and adult groups, respectively. Study findings showed that non-PCV7 S. pneumoniae 19A and 3 were the most prevalent serotypes in Chinese children and adults, respectively. High-valent vaccines had similar coverage rates and may have a greater potential in preventing IPD.

Management of injuries near the innominate artery bifurcation using an accurate kissing Viabahn stent technique.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of an accurate kissing Viabahn stent technique to manage injuries near the innominate artery bifurcation. METHODS: This retrospective study included patients with injuries near the innominate artery bifurcation who were treated with an accurate kissing Viabahn stent technique. Perioperative and follow-up data were extracted and analysed. RESULTS: A total of 10 patients were included (mean age, 52.8 years; six male and four female patients) with injuries at the following sites: the distal end of the innominate artery (n = 2), the innominate artery bifurcation (n = 5), the root of the right common carotid artery (n = 2) and the origin of the right subclavian artery (n = 1). All were successfully treated with the accurate kissing Viabahn stent technique. During follow-up (mean duration, 16.8 months), there were no complications, such as right upper limb ischaemia, neurological dysfunction, stent occlusion or migration. CONCLUSIONS: The accurate kissing Viabahn stent technique to manage injuries near the bifurcation of the innominate artery was safe and effective, with good perioperative and long-term follow-up results.

Draft Genome Sequence of a Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain (New Sequence Type 2357) Carrying Tn3926.

We present the draft genome sequence of a Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing sequence type 2357 (ST2357) strain, NB60, which contains drug-resistant genes encoding resistance to beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, colistin, macrolides, and tetracycline. Strain NB60 was isolated from human blood, making it an important tool for studying K. pneumoniae pathogenesis.

Draft Genome Sequence of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strain NB8.

Escherichia coli NB8 is a clinical pyelonephritis isolate. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of uropathogenic E. coli NB8, which contains drug resistance genes encoding resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, quinolones, macrolides, colistin, sulfonamide-trimethoprim, and tetracycline. NB8 infects the kidney and bladder, making it an important tool for studying E. coli pathogenesis.

On a collection of Batraxis Reitter (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) from Hainan Island, southern China.

Seven species of the genus Batraxis Reitter are described from Hainan Island, southern China: B. bicolor Wang & Yin, sp. n., B. tibialis Wang & Yin, sp. n., B. pilosus Wang & Yin, sp. n., B. spinosus Wang & Yin, sp. n., B. hainanensis Wang & Yin, sp. n., B. minor Wang & Yin, sp. n., and B. simplex Wang & Yin, sp. n. Keys to both sexes of these Batraxis are provided.

Comparison of three different surgical approaches for treatment of thoracolumbar burst fracture.

OBJECTIVE: The main treatment method used for thoracolumbar fractures is open reduction and internal fixation. Commonly there are three surgical approaches: anterior, posterior and paraspinal. We attempt to compare the three approaches based on our clinical data analysis. METHODS: A group of 94 patients with Denis type A or B thoracolumbar burst fracture between March 2008 and September 2010 were recruited in this study. These patients were treated by anterior-, posterior- or paraspinal-approach reduction with or without decompression. The fracture was fixed with titanium mesh and Z-plate via anterior approach (24 patients), screw and rod system via posterior approach (38 patients) or paraspinal approach (32 patients). Clinical evaluations included operation duration, blood loss, incision length, preoperative and postoperative Oswestry disability index (ODI). RESULTS: The average operation duration (94.1 min +/- 13.7 min), blood loss (86.7 ml +/-0.0 ml), length of incision (9.3 mm +/- 0.7 mm) and postoperative ODI (6 +/- 0.5) were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in paraspinal approach group than in traditional posterior approach group (operation duration 94.1 min +/- 13.7 min, blood loss 143.3 ml +/-28.3 ml, length of incision 15.4 cm +/- 2.1 cm and ODI 12 +/- 0.7) and anterior approach group (operation duration 176.3 min +/- 20.7 min, blood loss 255.1 ml +/- 38.4 ml, length of incision 18.6 cm +/- 2.4 cm and ODI 13 +/- 2.4). There was not statistical difference in terms of Cobb angle on radiographs among the three approaches. CONCLUSION: The anterior approach surgery is convenient for resection of the vertebrae and reconstruction of vertebral height, but it is more complicated and traumatic. Hence it is mostly used for severe Denis type B fracture. The posterior approach is commonly applied to most thoracolumbar fractures and has fewer complications compared with the anterior approach, but it has some shortcomings as well. The paraspinal approach has great advantages compared with the other two approaches. It is in accordance with the concept of minimally invasive surgery and can replace most posterior approach operations.