Meta-analysis of exercise intervention on health behaviors in middle-aged and older adults.

Objective: To systematically review and analyze the effects of exercise interventions on health behavior among middle-aged and older adults. Methods: A Meta-analysis was performed using NoteExpress software to screen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 1, 2000, and March 31, 2023, which were identified through databases including CNKI, Web of Science, Pubmed, and 6 more sources, based on predefined literature inclusion criteria. Following the quality assessment, we conducted both the overall and subgroup Meta-analyses of the exercise intervention moderator variables using Review Manager 5.4.1 software, encompassing data among the 18 RCTs. The effect size was measured as the standardized mean difference within its corresponding 95% confidence interval. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 metrics. Results: (1) The overall results indicate a significant impact of exercise intervention on health behaviors, characterized by a large effect size [SMD = 1.02 > 0.8, 95% CI (0.73, 1.32), P < 0.001]. (2) The highest degree of heterogeneity in the relationship between exercise interventions and health behaviors was associated with the duration of one exercise session (I2= 71.2%), which was the most influential moderator variable. (3) The aerobic and resistance intervention in group exercise lasting 30-60 min per time a day, 6-7 times per week over a period of 8-12 weeks demonstrated the most substantial effect size. Conclusion: (1) The exercise intervention significantly promotes the health behavior in middle-aged and older adults, emphasizing the importance of carefully considering the duration of individual exercise sessions when designing and implementing exercise intervention. (2) Considering the accessibility for middle-aged and older adults, the optimal exercise intervention should include the means of group practice, the types of aerobic and resistance exercise, with a duration of 30-60 min per time a day, beginning with a lower weekly frequency and gradually increase to 6-7 times per week, and lasting for 8 to 12 weeks. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024506750.

Structural characterization of Chinese quince fruit lignin pretreated with enzymatic hydrolysis.

Lignin is an increasingly valuable raw material for industrial, pharmaceutical and the food industries; natural antioxidants are also being used more and more widely. The Chinese quince fruits have an abundance of lignins with antioxidant properties; however, the lignins cannot be isolated by the methods conventionally used on other sources (e.g., wood, straw). In this investigation, multi-enzymatic hydrolytic pretreatments were used to isolate lignins from Chinese quince fruit, and the structures of these multi-enzyme mixture lignin (EML) fractions were then analyzed and compared with conventional cellulolytic enzyme lignin (CEL). EML fractions are structurally similar to CEL fractions except for an increased S/G ratio, greater number of ß-O-4 linkages, higher average molecular weight and decreased thermal stability. The EML-2 fraction in particular seemed most representative of the lignins isolated, and it exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in comparison with CEL and other EML fractions.

[The effect of MSC spectral pretreatment regions on near infrared spectroscopy calibration results].

In the present paper, 60 whole wheat flour samples were prepared and corresponding NIR spectra were collected. After the determinations of calibration range, several spectral sub-regions containing calibration range and prepared for the correction using multiple scattering correction (MSC) were obtained in the whole spectral region firstly, and MSC correction based on different spectral sub-region followed subsequently. Corresponding spectral data were obtained from the fixed calibration range of the spectra corrected based on different regions. Several partial least squares regression (PLSR) calibration models for analyzing protein content of whole wheat flour were established based on corresponding spectral data, and according to the performance about the calibration coefficient and the root mean square error of cross validation (RMSEV) of every calibration, the effects of MSC pretreatment spectral region on PLSR calibration results were investigated and the pretreatment spectral regions were optimized by comparing theperformance of more calibration models. For the optimized calibration, the calibration coefficient and the RMSECV improved compared with the calibration established based on the spectral data corrected using MSC in the fixed region of calibration. The correlation coefficient can be raised from 0.96 to 0.98 and RMSECV can be decreased from 0.37% to 0.32%. The results show that the capability of MSC on correcting the spectral interference information of non-chemical absorption can be influenced by preprocessing spectral regions, the performance of calibration model can be improved by optimizing the MSC pretreatment spectral region, and the appropriate pretreatment spectral region is prerequisite to obtain the best calibration results while using MSC for near-infrared spectra analysis.

The synergistic effect of organic silicone quaternary ammonium salt and 5-fluorouracil on hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common type of cancer worldwide, causing over 370,000 deaths per year, with approximately half of them in China. Chemotherapy is the optimal treatment for patients with advanced HCC, although chemoresistance has become a significant obstacle to successful liver cancer surgery. In this paper, we have assessed the characteristics of drugs to explore the effects of individual and combined action of organic silicone quaternary ammonium salt (Jieyoushen) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The results of MTT assays showed that single and combined action of Jieyoushen and 5-FU can inhibit the proliferation of liver carcinoma cell lines in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, respectively. Electron microscopy and Hoechst 33342 staining showed characteristic apoptotic bodies in apoptotic cells treated with Jieyoushen and 5-FU. Flow cytometry results indicated that the percentage of cells at G0/G1 phase gradually increased, whereas it gradually decreased during the S phase after treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that the combination of Jieyoushen with 5-FU exerts a synergistic anticancer effect on HCC growth and that targeted therapeutic strategies may improve HCC sensitivity to chemotherapy.

[Effect of path-length variations on PLSR calibration model in noninvasive measurement of blood glucose by mid-infrared spectroscopy].

In noninvasive blood glucose measurement, it is difficult to keep the contact area between skin and internal reflectance element uniform while the mid-infrared spectra of human skin are taken, and this would lead to path-length variations. To study the effect of path-length variations on PLSR calibration model, in the present paper, according to the correlation coefficients between path-lengths and glucose concentrations, two PLSR models were achieved respectively and RMSECV were 31.3 and 4.52 mg x dL(-1), RMSEP were 30.3 and 98.7 mg x dL(-1) for the validation set. The results show that the chance correlations between path-lengths and glucose concentrations will lead to calibration models with different accuracy and robustness. This is useful to improving the reliability of noninvasive measurement of blood glucose by mid-infrared spectroscopy.

Analysis of risk factors of surgical site infections in breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Adjuvant chemotherapy has become an important component of standard therapy for breast cancer. However, until now, there have been few reports on the surgical site infections (SSI) after breast cancer surgery, specially after adjuvant chemotherapy. To study the risk factors of SSI of breast cancer, we analyzed patients diagnosed with breast cancer and treated with surgery. METHODS: Fifty-five patients diagnosed with breast cancer and received breast conserving or modified radical operations in our hospital during January 2008 to March 2008 were selected. Factors (patients' age, body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus, no or administered adjuvant chemotherapy, with or without onset of myelosuppression and the degree, surgical approaches, duration of operation, postoperative drainage duration and total drainage volume) associated with SSI were retrospectively reviewed and statistically analyzed by single factor analysis. RESULTS: Five patients suffered SSI (5/55, 9.1%); nineteen receiving adjuvant chemotherapy experienced Grade III + myelosuppression, among which 4 had SSI; only 1 out of the remaining 36 patients without adjuvant chemotherapy had SSI. The difference between the two groups was significant (P = 0.043). The incidence of SSI in patients with post-operative drainage tube indwelling longer than 10 days was 5/21, whereas no SSI occurred in that less than 10 days (P = 0.009). In our study, there was no significant difference in other associated factors. CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent Grade III + myelosuppression after adjuvant chemotherapy is an important risk factor of SSI in breast cancer and needs further study. No SSI was detected with indwelling time of post operative drainage less than 10 days.

[Research on the effective signal extraction in the noninvasive blood glucose sensing by near infrared spectroscopy].

Diabetes seriously endanger human health, and noninvasive glucose sensing is the expectation of both doctors and patients. Physiological background is complicated, volatile and mixed with a variety of tissue information, resulting in direct measurement of the body's near infrared spectra difficult to truly reflect the concentration change in glucose. As a matter of fact, blood volume is always changing, but human tissue background and the concentration of blood components are constant in a short period. Taking advantage of this, subtracted blood volume spectrometry is propounded, which could eliminate the interference of human tissue background and obtain effective spectrum information of blood. To verify the effectiveness of the method, a experimental system was developed. The system noise is better than 20 microAU, and the signal to noise ratio of the effective spectrum signal at 1250 nm is 20,000:1. Finally, the feasibility and advantages of subtracted blood volume spectrometry are clarified in clinical application of near infrared non-invasive glucose sensing.

[Prospective study on the role of MRI and B ultrasonography in evaluating the tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of breast B ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in assessing the tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. METHODS: Eighty-five patients with breast cancer diagnosed by core needle biopsy received neoadjuvant chemotherapy entered this prospective study. Breast B ultrasonography and dynamic enhanced MRI was performed before chemotherapy induction, after the second course and the fourth course of chemotherapy prior to the surgery. Clinical evaluation was made through the tumor reduction measured by B ultrasonography and MRI, based on the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST). RESULTS: Measured by dynamic enhanced MRI, 56 patients got partial response (PR), 27 got stable disease (SD) and 2 got progressive disease (PD), none complete response (CR). Measured by B ultrasonography, 52 patients got PR, 31 got SD, 2 got PD, no CR. Residual tumor size after chemotherapy on MRI correlated well with post-operative pathologic findings (r = 0.783, P < 0.05), and B ultrasonography correlated moderately with microscopic findings (r = 0.576, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Dynamic enhanced MRI is a reliable method to evaluate tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer.

[Intraoperative 125I brachytherapy combined with chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy, toxicity and survival of intraoperative 125I brachytherapy combined with chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer. METHODS: Thirty-six patients with advanced pancreatic cancer were randomized to two groups: brachy-chemotherapy group (n = 18) and control group (n = 18). For the combined group, intraoperative 125I implantation and gemcitabine, 5-Fu were given. For the control group, intratumoral injection of absolute alcohol was done. RESULTS: The CR + PR rate of brachy-chemotherapy group was 38.9% with pain relief in 77.8%, while that of control group was 0 with pain relief in 22.2% (P < 0.05). Although there were some toxicity in brachy-chemotherapy group, treatment was well tolerated. The 6-, 12-month survival rates of brachy-chemotherapy group were 71.4% and 21.4% and those of control group were 38.5% and 7.7%, respectively. The median survival time was 10.6 months and 5.2 months for the two groups, between which the difference was significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Interoperative 125I brachytherapy combined with chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer can control tumor, relieve pain and improve quality of life. It is safe and effective.