The relativity analysis of hypoxia inducible factor-1α in pulmonary arterial hypertension (ascites syndrome) in broilers: a review.

Ascites syndrome (AS) in broiler chickens, also known as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), is a significant disease in the poultry industry. It is a nutritional metabolic disease that is closely associated with hypoxia-inducible factors and rapid growth. The rise in pulmonary artery pressure is a crucial characteristic of AS and is instrumental in its development. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is an active subunit of a key transcription factor in the oxygen-sensing pathway. HIF-1α plays a vital role in oxygen homeostasis and the development of pulmonary hypertension. Studying the effects of HIF-1α on pulmonary hypertension in humans or mammals, as well as ascites in broilers, can help us understand the pathogenesis of AS. Therefore, this review aims to (1) summarize the mechanism of HIF-1α in the development of pulmonary hypertension, (2) provide theoretical significance in explaining the mechanism of HIF-1α in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (ascites syndrome) in broilers, and (3) establish the correlation between HIF-1α and pulmonary arterial hypertension (ascites syndrome) in broilers. HIGHLIGHTSExplains the hypoxic mechanism of HIF-1α.Linking HIF-1α to pulmonary hypertension in broilers.Explains the role of microRNAs in pulmonary arterial hypertension in broilers.

Investigation of the Crosstalk between GRP78/PERK/ATF-4 Signaling Pathway and Renal Apoptosis Induced by Nephropathogenic Infectious Bronchitis Virus Infection.

This study aims to explore the crosstalk between GRP78/PERK/ATF-4 signaling pathway and renal apoptosis induced by nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (NIBV). Hy-Line brown chickens were divided into two groups (Con, n = 100 and Dis, n = 200). At 28 days of age, each chicken in the Dis group was intranasally injected with SX9 strain (10-5/0.2 ml). Venous blood and kidney tissues were collected at 1, 5, 11, 18 and 28 days postinfection. Our results showed that NIBV infection upregulated the levels of creatinine, uric acid, and calcium (Ca2+) levels. Histopathological examination revealed severe hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltration near the renal tubules. Meanwhile, NIBV virus particles and apoptotic bodies were observed by ultramicro electron microscope. In addition, RT-qPCR and Western blot showed that NIBV upregulated the expression of GRP78, PERK, eIF2α, ATF-4, CHOP, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, P53, Bax, and on the contrary, downregulated the expression of Bcl-2. Furthermore, immunofluorescence localization analysis showed that the positive expression of Bcl-2 protein was significantly decreased. Correlation analysis indicated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress gene expression, apoptosis gene expression, and renal injury were potentially related. Taken together, NIBV infection can induce renal ER stress and apoptosis by activating of GRP78/PERK/ATF-4 signaling pathway, leading to kidney damage. IMPORTANCE Nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (NIBV) induced renal endoplasmic reticulum stress in chickens. NIBV infection induced kidney apoptosis in chickens. GRP78/PERK/ATF-4 signaling pathway is potentially related to renal apoptosis induced by NIBV.

Superior Capacitive Performance of Active Carbons Derived from Loofah Sponge.

In this paper, loofah sponge-based activated carbon (LAC) is prepared via loofah sponge as precursors and KOH as activator. N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to characterize the surface morphology and the structure of loofah sponge-based activated carbon. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge cycle and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were utilized to test electrochemical properties of loofah spongebased activated carbon. The results showed that loofah sponge-based activated carbon (LAC-700) prepared at 700 °C has the highest specific surface area (936 m²·g-1). The material delivers specific capacitance of 152.89 F·g-1 at the current density of 0.1 A·g-1, and specific capacitance of 116.69 F·g-1 at the current density of 5 A·g-1 in 30 wt% KOH aqueous electrolyte.

Sandwich-Like Co3O4/Graphene Nanocomposites as Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries.

In this work, sandwich-like Co3O4/graphene nanocomposites were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal process and subsequent thermal treatment. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses were employed to characterize crystalline structural and morphology. Results demonstrated that approximately 150 nm Co3O4 particles were dispersed among the graphene sheets. The graphene not only enhanced the conductivity of Co3O4/graphene nanocomposites but also improved the structural stability of Co3O4 nanoparticles. As an anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the Co3O4/graphene nanocomposites exhibited excellent electrochemical performance, higher rate capability, and longer cycle life than pristine Co3O4. The Co3O4/graphene nanocomposites maintained a specific capacity of 639.8 mAhg-1 at a current density of 0.5C (1C = 890 mAg-1) after 50 cycles with capacity retention rate of 71%. Co3O4/graphene nanocomposites also exhibited excellent rate performance with a discharge capacity of 676.5 mAh g-1 at a current density of 2C. Overall, the sandwich-like Co3O4/graphene nanocomposites are good candidate materials for high-capacity anode for LIBs.

Additive-assisted one-step formed perovskite/hole conducting materials graded heterojunction for efficient perovskite solar cells.

Solar cells based on organometallic perovskite materials have been intensively investigated as the most promising next-generation photovoltaic technology. The quality of perovskite film and the heterojunction between perovskite and charge transporting materials dominate the performance of resulting devices. Herein, we report a facile additive-assisted method to form perovskite/2, 2', 7, 7'-tetrakis (N, N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9, 90-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) graded heterojunction by one step instead of spin-coating two layers separately. The additives concentration in anti-solution is optimized to form a mixed layer where spiro-OMeTAD is dispersive in upper perovskite films with a vertical gradient, and a capping layer with appropriate thickness. The incorporation of spiro-OMeTAD in anti-solution tremendously improve the crystallinity of perovskite films while the graded heterojunction and the derived capping layer contribute to reduced interfacial losses. Moreover, poly(methyl methacrylate) as the second additive in anti-solution further passivates defects in perovskite films. As a result, we realize perovskite solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 15.72% based on perovskite-graded heterojunction, which is far beyond the control devices. This study demonstrates an effective extension of heterojunction engineering to fabricate efficient perovskite solar cells using simplified procedures.

Aluminium electrodeposition in chloroaluminate ionic liquid.

An efficient microwave enhanced synthesis of ambient temperature chloroaluminate ionic liquid ([EMIM]Br) that preceeds reaction of 1-methylimidazolium with bromoethane in a closed vessel, was described in our work. The reaction time was drastically reduced as compared to the conventional methods. The electrochemical techniques of impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry were used to investigate the mechanism of Al electrodeposition from 2:1 (molar ratio) AlCl3/[EMIM]Br ionic liquid at room temperature. Results indicated that Al electrode- position from this ionic liqud was a quasi-reversible process, and the kinetic complications during the reaction was probably attributed to the electron transfer or mass transport cooperative controlled processes, instantaneous nucleation with diffusion-controlled growth was also investigated. Electrodepositon experiment was conducted using constant current density of 40 mA·cm(-2) for 20 minutes at room temperature and the qualitative analysis of the deposits were performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS). The deposits obtained on copper cathode were dense and compact and most Al crystal shows granular structure spherical with high purity.