Electroacupuncture Stimulation Suppresses Postoperative Inflammatory Response and Hippocampal Neuronal Injury.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is consequence of anesthesia and surgery that primarily affects older people. The prevention and treatment of POCD has drawn an increasing attention in recent decades. Here, we established the animal model mimicked POCD after femoral fracture surgery, and analyze the effect of acupuncture stimulation on postoperative cognitive function after femoral fracture surgery. Compared with the mock group, the cognitive function performance was significantly decreased both in the anaesthesia group and the surgery group, between which the symptoms were more severe in the surgery group. The peripheral inflammation response and the neuron impairment and inflammation response in the hippocampus were observed in the surgery group, but only peripheral inflammation response was detected in the anaesthesia group. These findings indicated the POCD was the synergistic outcome of anaesthesia and surgical stimulation but with different pathogenic mechanism. The surgery with mental tri-needles (surgery+MTN) group outperformed the surgery group in terms of cognitive function performance. The peripheral inflammation response and the neuron impairment and inflammation response in the hippocampus was significantly reduced by the electroacupuncture stimulation. Our findings indicated the protection of electroacupuncture form POCD after femoral fracture surgery is related to the inhibition of inflammation response and neuron impairment.

Facial aesthetic fat graft retention rates after filtration, centrifugation, or sedimentation processing techniques measured using three-dimensional surface imaging devices.

OBJECTIVE: How to increase the long-term retention rate of autologous fat grafting has been widely discussed. This study aimed to evaluate long-term fat graft retention rates for the most widely used fat processing methods in the area of facial esthetic surgery, including centrifugation, filtration, and sedimentation, using three-dimensional (3D) imaging. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Embase, Wiley/Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were comprehensively searched from inception to July 2018 according to the guidelines of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons Fat Graft Task Force Assessment Methodology. STUDY SELECTION: Articles were screened using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collected included patient characteristics, follow-up devices, fat grafting techniques, and clinical outcomes. Patient cohorts were pooled, and fat graft retention rates were calculated. Complications were summarized according to different clinical characteristics. RESULTS: Of 77 articles, 10 clinical studies met the inclusion criteria and reported quantified measurement outcomes with 3D imaging which provide precise volumetric data with approximately 2% standard deviation compared to real volumes. Data of 515 patients were included. Fat grafting retention varied from 21% to 82%. We found filtration and centrifugation techniques could result in better retention outcomes. However, retention varied within each processing technique, with no significant difference among the 3 techniques. Twenty-two complications were reported among 515 patients, including donor-site hematoma (1 case), mild post-operative erythema (2 cases), mild volumetric asymmetries (2 cases), chronic edema (2 cases), overcorrection (2 cases), skin irregularity (6 cases), and headache or dysesthesia (7 cases). CONCLUSIONS: Filtration and centrifugation techniques may result in better fat grafting retention outcomes than gravity sedimentation; however, more accurate statistical evidence is needed. Controversies continue to exist with respect to the performance of the different fat-processing techniques in fat graft retention.