ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the main causes of cancer mortality worldwide. Recent studies on tumor microenvironments have shown that tumor metabolism exerts a vital role in cancer progression. AIM: To investigate whether lysyl oxidase (LOX) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) are prognostic and predictive biomarkers in GC. METHODS: A total of 80 tissue and blood samples were collected from 140 patients admitted to our hospital between August 2008 and March 2012. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to measure the expression of LOX and HIF1α in tumor and adjacent tissues collected from patients with GC. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of LOX and HIF1α in patients with GC. In addition, single-factor analysis was applied to analyze the relationship between LOX, HIF1α and prognosis of GC. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining suggested that the expression levels of LOX and HIF1α increased in tumor tissues from patients with GC. QRT-PCR analysis indicated that mRNA expression of LOX and HIF1α was also upregulated in tumor tissues, which was in accordance with the above results. We also detected expression of these two genes in blood samples. The expression level of LOX and HIF1α was higher in patients with GC than in healthy controls. Additional analysis showed that the expression level of LOX and HIF1α was related to the clinicopathological characteristics of GC. Expression of LOX and HIF1α increased with the number of lymph node metastases , deeper infiltration depth and later tumor-node-metastasis stages. Single-factor analysis showed that high expression of LOX and HIF1α led to poor prognosis of patients with GC. CONCLUSION: LOX and HIF1α can be used as prognostic and predictive biomarkers for GC.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism , Lymphatic Metastasis/pathology , Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase/metabolism , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Carcinogenesis/pathology , Disease Progression , Disease-Free Survival , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase/analysis , RNA, Messenger/isolation & purification , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Stomach/pathology , Stomach Neoplasms/blood , Stomach Neoplasms/mortality , Survival Rate , Tumor MicroenvironmentABSTRACT
To simplify the titration of infectious varicella-zoster virus (VZV), we generated a reporter cell line that produced luciferase in a dose-dependent manner upon infection with cell-free VZV. A few VZV-infected cells were detectable by coculturing with the cell line. We demonstrated the usefulness of the cell line for antiviral studies.
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Cell Line/enzymology , Cell Line/virology , Herpesvirus 3, Human/genetics , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Base Sequence , Genes, Reporter/genetics , Herpesvirus 3, Human/drug effects , Luciferases/biosynthesis , Luciferases/genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Open Reading Frames , Promoter Regions, GeneticABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Environmental factors, including virus infection, may play a role in the onset and/or development of pemphigus. However, it is controversial whether human herpesvirus (HHV)-8 is involved in pathogenesis of pemphigus. OBJECTIVE: The possible association of pemphigus with HHV-8 was investigated. METHODS: A total of 36 lesional skin and 13 peripheral blood mononuclear cell specimens from 58 patients with pemphigus, and 18 normal skin and 230 peripheral blood mononuclear cell specimens from healthy individuals, were tested for HHV-8 DNA sequence by a nested polymerase chain reaction assay. In all, 29 sera from the patients and 109 sera from healthy individuals were tested for HHV-8-specific IgG antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using HHV-8-specific oligopeptides as antigens. RESULTS: Prevalence of both HHV-8 DNA sequence (36.1% and 30.8% in lesional skin and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, respectively) and HHV-8-specific IgG antibodies (34.5%) for patients with pemphigus was statistically higher than that of control subjects (<8% in both assays). There was no significant difference in HHV-8 prevalence among different types of pemphigus. CONCLUSION: HHV-8 infection might be a contributing factor in the development of pemphigus.
