Effectiveness of a professional identity promotion strategy for nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A quasi-experimental study.

AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of a professional identity promotion strategy (PIPS) on nursing students' professional identity and resilience. METHODS: This study was a quasi-experimental study with a random cluster sample of 103 sophomore undergraduate nursing students. One hundred students answered the questionnaires at both baseline and follow-up (51 of 53 in the intervention group and 49 of 50 in the control group). Intervention and control groups underwent 5 months PIPS and standard professional education from May 2 to September 27, respectively. Participants completed the professional identity questionnaire for nursing students (PIQNS) and Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC). Data were collected at baseline (T0), after the intervention (T1) and 3 months after the intervention (T2), and analyzed using the Chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, and repeated-measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups (p > .05) regarding demographic questions, professional identity, or resilience at baseline (p > .05). Significant differences were found in professional identity between groups (p < .001), measurement times (p = .026), and in the interaction between groups and measurement times (p = .018) from T0 to T2. Significant differences were found in resilience between groups (p < .001), measurement times (p = .007), and in the interaction between groups and measurement times (p = .035) from T0 to T2. CONCLUSIONS: The PIPS program improved nursing students' professional identity and resilience. Further long-term effectiveness of the program needs to be tested with implementation through various forms of mobile technology.

[The intervention effects of different drugs on dendritic cells in acute pancreatitis in mouse].

OBJECTIVE: To study the immunologic mechanism in pathogenesis of the acute pancreatitis (AP) and the intervention effects of sandostatin and magnolol. METHODS: Ninety BALB/c mice were divided into negative control group, caerulein-induced model group, sandostatin-treatment group, magnolol-treatment group, combined sandostatin- and magnolol-treatment group by means of random number table, with 18 mice in each group. AP model was reproduced by seven intraperitoneal injections of caerulein at an interval of 1 hour. Every 30 minutes before the caerulein challenge, sandostatin was injected sub- cutaneously. Magnolol was injected intravenously immediately after the AP model was reproduced. Then at 9, 12, 24 hours after modelling, blood was drawn from orbital vein and serum was separated. Serum amylase (SA), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) were determined after the mice were sacrificed, and pancreas and spleen were harvested . The pathological changes of pancreas were observed, and the number and the ratio of myeloid- dendritic cells (MDCs) to lymphoid dendritic cells (LDCs) were measured with flow cytometry. RESULTS: Compared with control group [SA (1.12 + or - 0.05) kU/L, pancreatic score (PS) 0.09 + or - 0.10], both indexes increased progressively in the model group [SA (26.11 + or - 1.96) kU/L, PS 5.32 + or - 0.19, both P<0.01]. The ratio of MDCs/LDCs showed downward tendency at every time-point especially at 9th hour (0.421 + or - 0.049 vs. 1.712 + or - 0.372, P<0.05), while the ratio of IL-10 to IFN-gamma did not show significant differences. Compared with model group, both SA and PS significantly decreased in all the three drug intervention groups [SA (kU/L): 18.25 + or - 1.09, 17.32 + or - 1.26, 17.62 + or - 0.56, PS: 4.55 + or - 0.15, 4.16 + or - 0.18, 4.10 + or - 0.13, all P<0.01]. There was no significant difference in the two ratios of MDCs/LDCs and IL-10/IFN-gamma between sandostatin-treatment group and model group. However, the ratio of MDCs/LDCs of the magnolol-treatment group was higher than that in sandostatin-treatment group 9, 12, 24 hours after modelling (9 hours: 4.694 + or - 0.527 vs. 0.819 + or - 0.182, 12 hours: 2.566 + or - 0.463 vs. 1.421 + or - 0.163, 24 hours : 2.343 + or - 0.359 vs. 1.421 + or - 0.113, P<0.05 or P<0.01). At every time-point, the ratio of IL-10/IFN-gamma in the magnolol-treatment group was significantly higher compared with the model group, and at the 12-hour point, it was higher than that of sandostatin-treatment group (8.000 + or - 1.738 vs. 3.558 + or - 0.362, P<0.05 ). The combined treatment group showed similar changes as the magnolol-treatment group. CONCLUSION: When AP occurs, the differentiation from T helper (Th0) to Th1 is augmented, while differentiation of Th0 to Th2 decreases, thus inducing an imbalance in the relationship of pro- and anti-inflammatory response. Magnolol can induce the differentiation from Th0 to Th2 by modulating the different subtype dendritic cells, thus improving the anti-inflammatory response, resulting in attenuating local and systemic inflammatory response in AP. However, sandostatin did not show such effect.