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2.
J Biomed Sci ; 31(1): 49, 2024 May 13.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38735943

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The impact of global overconsumption of simple sugars on bone health, which peaks in adolescence/early adulthood and correlates with osteoporosis (OP) and fracture risk decades, is unclear. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are the progenitors of osteoblasts/bone-forming cells, and known to decrease their osteogenic differentiation capacity with age. Alarmingly, while there is correlative evidence that adolescents consuming greatest amounts of simple sugars have the lowest bone mass, there is no mechanistic understanding on the causality of this correlation. METHODS: Bioinformatics analyses for energetics pathways involved during MSC differentiation using human cell information was performed. In vitro dissection of normal versus high glucose (HG) conditions on osteo-/adipo-lineage commitment and mitochondrial function was assessed using multi-sources of non-senescent human and murine MSCs; for in vivo validation, young mice was fed normal or HG-added water with subsequent analyses of bone marrow CD45- MSCs. RESULTS: Bioinformatics analyses revealed mitochondrial and glucose-related metabolic pathways as integral to MSC osteo-/adipo-lineage commitment. Functionally, in vitro HG alone without differentiation induction decreased both MSC mitochondrial activity and osteogenesis while enhancing adipogenesis by 8 h' time due to depletion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a vital mitochondrial co-enzyme and co-factor to Sirtuin (SIRT) 1, a longevity gene also involved in osteogenesis. In vivo, HG intake in young mice depleted MSC NAD+, with oral NAD+ precursor supplementation rapidly reversing both mitochondrial decline and osteo-/adipo-commitment in a SIRT1-dependent fashion within 1 ~ 5 days. CONCLUSIONS: We found a surprisingly rapid impact of excessive glucose, a single dietary factor, on MSC SIRT1 function and osteogenesis in youthful settings, and the crucial role of NAD+-a single molecule-on both MSC mitochondrial function and lineage commitment. These findings have strong implications on future global OP and disability risks in light of current worldwide overconsumption of simple sugars.


Subject(s)
Glucose , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Mitochondria , NAD , Osteogenesis , Sirtuin 1 , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism , Sirtuin 1/metabolism , Sirtuin 1/genetics , Osteogenesis/physiology , Mice , Humans , Animals , Mitochondria/metabolism , Glucose/metabolism , NAD/metabolism , Cell Differentiation
3.
Hu Li Za Zhi ; 62(3): 83-8, 2015 Jun.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26073961

ABSTRACT

Demoralization is a relatively new diagnosis that has received increased attention in recent years. This condition is most frequently diagnosed in hospice, cancer, and critical illness patients. Serious demoralization may induce suicide ideation. The current literature on demoralization primarily elaborates on the history of this condition and on the reliability / validation of scales developed to assess demoralization in patients. The present paper conducts a concept analysis of demoralization in accordance with the concept analysis steps outlined by Walker and Avant. We elucidate the definition of relevant terms and identify the characteristic attributes, antecedents, and consequences of demoralization. Additionally, this paper provides examples of model, borderline, contrary, relevant cases and reviews relevant empirical data. We hope this concept analysis enhances the understanding of demoralization among clinical caregivers, increases the general understanding of the methods available to assess demoralization, and, ultimately, helps set patients free of their demoralization haze.


Subject(s)
Morale , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male
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