Exploring Long- and Short-Range Temporal Information for Learned Video Compression.

Learned video compression methods have gained various interests in the video coding community. Most existing algorithms focus on exploring short-range temporal information and developing strong motion compensation. Still, the ignorance of long-range temporal information utilization constrains the potential of compression. In this paper, we are dedicated to exploiting both long- and short-range temporal information to enhance video compression performance. Specifically, for long-range temporal information exploration, we propose a temporal prior that can be continuously supplemented and updated during compression within the group of pictures (GOP). With the updating scheme, the temporal prior can provide richer mutual information between the overall prior and the current frame for the entropy model, thus facilitating Gaussian parameter prediction. As for the short-range temporal information, we propose a progressive guided motion compensation to achieve robust and accurate compensation. In particular, we design a hierarchical structure to build multi-scale compensation, and by employing optical flow guidance, we generate pixel offsets as motion information at each scale. Additionally, the compensation results at each scale will guide the next scale's compensation, forming a flow-to-kernel and scale-by-scale stable guiding strategy. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our method can obtain advanced rate-distortion performance compared to the state-of-the-art learned video compression approaches and the latest standard reference software in terms of PSNR and MS-SSIM. The codes are publicly available on: https://github.com/Huairui/LSTVC.

Integrated metabolomics and proteomics analysis to study the changes in Scutellaria baicalensis at different growth stages.

Scutellaria baicalensis is a functional food that has the potential to treat various diseases. Scutellaria baicalensis can be divided into two types: Ziqin (strip types) and (rotten xylem). Ziqin is used to clear lower energizer large intestine heat syndrome, while Kuqin is used for the treatment of upper energizer lung heat syndrome. At present, the substance basis of the differences between Ziqin and Kuqin is not clear. The changes in metabolite accumulation and protein expression between them were analyzed by the non-targeted metabolomic technique in combination with the label-free proteomics approach. The results showed that the differentially accumulated metabolites and abundant proteins were mainly enriched in the pathways of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, isoflavonoid biosynthesis, and anthocyanin biosynthesis. Collectively, these results reveal the changes of Scutellaria baicalensis in different growth years and provide a reference for selecting the appropriate harvest period.

Comparative proteomic analysis reveals novel insights into the continuous cropping induced response in Scrophularia ningpoensis.

BACKGROUND: Scrophularia ningpoensis is a well-known medicinal crop. Continuous cropping seriously affects the yield and quality, but little is known about the influence of continuous cropping on metabolic pathways. In this study, the difference in protein abundance between continuous cropping and non-continuous cropping of S. ningpoensis roots was studied by proteomics, and the molecular mechanism that protects S. ningpoensis against continuous cropping was explored. RESULTS: The results suggested that continuous cropping in S, ningpoensis altered the expression of proteins related to starch and sucrose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, citric acid cycle, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, monoterpenoid biosynthesis, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis, and steroid biosynthesis. Among these processes, the most affected were phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism, which may be important for continuous cropping resistance. CONCLUSION: The effect of continuous cropping on S. ningpoensis was demonstrated at the proteome level in this work, and identified candidate proteins that may cause continuous cropping reactions. The paper provides the theoretical foundation and scientific reference for enhancing the continuous cropping resistance of S. ningpoensis. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.