In silico drug design of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta inhibitors from 2-acylamino-3-aminothienopyridines based on quantitative structure-activity relationships and molecular docking.

Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta (IKK-ß), a specific regulator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), is considered a valid target to design novel candidate drugs to treat rheumatoid arthritis and various cancers. In the present study, quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) and molecular docking techniques were used to screen for new IKK-ß inhibitors from a series of 2-acylamino-3-aminothienopyridine analogs. During the two-dimensional QSAR phase, the statistical model partial least square was selected from among two alternatives (r2 = 0.868, q2 (cross-validation) = 0.630). Descriptors with positive or negative contributions were derived from the created model. To build of three-dimensional QSAR models, we used three different fingerprints as analysis precepts for molecular clustering and the subsequent division of training sets and test sets. The best model, which used fingerprint model definition language public keys, was selected for further prediction of the compounds' activities. Favorable physicochemical, structural, electrostatic, and steric properties were derived from the created QSAR models and then used for drug design with an in-house library. Amongst the designed compounds, compounds B01 and B02 showed good predicted activities. Furthermore, after a selecting the protein structure and docking method, docking studies were carried out to reveal the detailed interactions between the ligands and the target protein. Binding affinity was measured and sorted using the value of "-CDOCKER_ENERGY". The high -CDOCKER_ENERGY values of compounds B01 (41.6134 kcal/mol) and B02 (40.1366 kcal/mol) indicated their prominent docking affinities.

[Effect of dihydroartemisinin combined irradiation on the apoptosis of human lung cancer GLC-82 cells and its mechanism study].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) combined irradiation on the apoptosis of human lung cancer GLC-82 cells and to study its mechanism. METHODS: The growth inhibition rate of GLC-82 cells acted by different concentrations DHA was detected using MTT assay at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Clone forming test was used. With multi-target single-hit model, the radiosensitization effect was assessed by calculating sensitizing enhancement ratio (SER).The effect of DHA combined irradiation on the apoptosis of GLC-82 cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. The protein expression of p53, p21, Bcl-2, and Bax were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Different concentrations DHA (4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128 µg/mL) had cytotoxicity on GLC-82 cells. The IC50 for 24, 48, and 72 h was 38.25,20.58, and 10.36 µg/mL, respectively, in obvious dose- and time-dependent manner. The growth inhibition rate was more significantly increased than that of the blank control group (P < 0.01, P<0.05). DHA had sensitization enhancement effect on GLC-82 cells, with SER of 1.4. DHA combined irradiation could obviously change the structure of GLC-82 cells cell cycle and induce apoptosis (with the apoptosis rate of 21.5%), which was significantly different from that of the blank control group (P < 0.05). Western blot showed the expression of p53 and p21 protein could be increased by DHA combined irradiation, and the expression of Bcl-2 protein down-regulated (P <0.01, P <0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: DHA had stronger cytotoxicity and radiosensitization on GLC-82 cells. Its mechanisms might lie in making the arrest of GLC-82 cells' growth at G0/G1 phase, decreasing the ratio of cells at S phase, restoring the function of p53, decreasing the expression of Bcl-2 protein, and inducing apoptosis in GLC-82 cells.