The efficiency of full-scale subsurface constructed wetlands with high hydraulic loading rates in removing pharmaceutical and personal care products from secondary effluent.

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are usually operated at low hydraulic load rates (HLRs) of < 0.5 m3/m2/d, and can efficiently remove pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from wastewaters. They however often occupy a large area of land, especially when treating the secondary effluent from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in megacities. High-load CWs (HCWs) with an HLR ≥ 1 m3/m2/d, requiring smaller land areas, are a good option for urban areas. However, their performance for PPCP removal is not clear. In this study, we evaluated the performance of three full-scale HCWs (HLR: 1.0-1.3 m3/m2/d) to remove 60 PPCPs, and found they had a stable removal performance and a higher areal removal capacity than the previously reported CWs operated at low HLRs. We verified the advantages of HCWs by testing the efficiency of two identical CWs at a low HLR (0.15 m3/m2/d) and a high HLR (1.3 m3/m2/d) fed with the same secondary effluent. The areal removal capacity during the high-HLR operation was 6-9 times higher than that during the low-HLR operation. A high dissolved oxygen content, and low COD and NH4-N concentrations in the secondary effluent were critical for the robust PPCP removal by tertiary treatment HCWs.

Do high levels of PPCPs in landfill leachates influence the water environment in the vicinity of landfills? A case study of the largest landfill in China.

Landfill leachates are identified as a significant source of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), which might pose a threat to groundwater and surface water nearby the landfill. However, knowledge of PPCP contamination in the surrounding water environment of landfills is very limited. Here we investigated eighteen PPCPs in water environment near the largest landfill in China, focusing on their occurrences and spatial distribution, as well as the environmental risks. The results showed the concentration of target PPCPs was below the limit of quantification (

4-Bromo-2-({4-[(hy-droxy-imino)-meth-yl]phen-yl}imino-meth-yl)phenol.

In the title compound, C(14)H(11)BrN(2)O(2), the mean planes of the two benzene rings are almost parallel to each other, making a dihedral angle of 4.09 (1)°. An intra-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bond occurs. In the crystal, inter-molecular O-H⋯N and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into a chain-like supra-molecular structure.

4-[(Ethoxy-imino)(phen-yl)meth-yl]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one.

In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C(19)H(19)N(3)O(2), the central pyrazole ring makes dihedral angles of 9.89 (3) and 66.06 (5)° with the two phenyl rings, and the two phenyl rings form an angle of 74.05 (5)°. An intra-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bond forms a six-membered ring, producing an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal structure, inter-molecular N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link each mol-ecule to two others, forming an infinite one-dimensional supra-molecular structure along the c axis.