Highly sensitive protein detection using recombinant spores and lateral flow immunoassay.

Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIs) can be used to detect intact bacteria or spores; when gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are used as the signal reporters, the detection limits are very low. Spore-based surface display has been widely studied for enzyme immobilization and live-nontoxic oral vaccines. In this study, recombinant spores were used to improve the sensitivity of a LFI. We developed a test kit that combines streptavidin-displayed spores with a LFI assay for rapid protein detection. The recombinant spores served as a signal amplifier and AuNPs were used as the signal reporters. For detection of ß-galactosidase, which was used as the model protein, the detection limit was about 10-15 mol, while that of the conventional LFI is about 10-12 mol. In both methods, nanogold was used as the colorimetric signal and could be observed with the naked eye. This method improved LFI sensitivity without sacrificing its advantages. Furthermore, enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) was also displayed on the surface of the streptavidin-displayed spores. Without AuNPs, the fluorescent recombinant spores acted as the signal, which could be detected by a fluorescence detector, such as a fluorescence microscope. The detection limit was 10-16 mol under fluorescence microscopy whose magnification was 25-fold. Therefore, in conclusion, in this proof of concept study, the detection limits of both proposed methods were far superior to those of traditional LFI assay.

[Noncoding RNA in the Regulation of Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism].

In the past decades, diabetes, in particular type 2 diabetes (T2D)mainly characterized by global insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell failure, had become epidemic and a severe public health threat worldwide with the development of economy and change of lifestyle.The interactions between environment factors and genetic background play vital roles in the development and progression of T2D.More recently, it had been revealed that non-coding RNA including microRNA (miRNA)and long noncoding RNA (LncRNA)are widely involved inthe regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. So far, it had been established that deregulated miRNA and LncRNA profile in main metabolic tissues is tightly associated with T2D,and intensive studies on non-coding RNAs had shed light on understanding the pathogen-esis of T2D.The current review aimed to briefly summarize and discuss the latest findings regarding the role and mechanism of miRNAs and LncRNAs in the regulation hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism.