Increased Risk of Suicide Attempt in Patients with Alopecia Areata: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence that patients with alopecia areata (AA) have an increased risk of developing psychiatric comorbidities. However, the relationship between AA and suicidal behaviors remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between AA and suicidal behaviors. METHODS: Participants were recruited from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan, including 10,515 patients with AA and 10,5150 matched controls, to assess the risk of suicide attempts. A Cox regression model was used for all analyses. RESULTS: Compared with the controls, an increased risk of suicide attempts was observed in patients with AA, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 6.28 (95% confidence interval, 4.47-8.81). Suicide risk remained significantly elevated in AA patients when stratified by underlying psychiatric disorders. The mean age of initial suicidal behaviors was also lower in patients with AA. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with AA had a significantly higher incidence of suicidal attempts than controls, regardless of concurrent psychiatric illness. Further studies are needed to elucidate the pathophysiology of the association between AA and suicidality. In addition, dermatologists should be aware of the increased suicidality of patients with AA.

Static and Dynamic Prediction of Chronic Renal Disease Progression Using Longitudinal Clinical Data from Taiwan's National Prevention Programs.

Kidney diseases can cause severe morbidity, mortality, and health burden. Determining the risk factors associated with kidney damage and deterioration has become a priority for the prevention and treatment of kidney disease. This study followed 1042 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with Stage 3-5 kidney disease who were treated at a public veteran's hospital through the national prevention program. A total of 12.5 years of records of clinical measurements were collected and analyzed using dynamic and static Cox hazard models to predict the progression to dialysis treatment. The results showed that the statistical significance of several variables in patients with Stage 3-5 CKD was attenuated while the dynamic model was being used. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine protein to creatinine ratio (PCR) had the powerful ability to predict the progression of CKD patients with Stage 3a and Stage 3b-5 kidney disease, whereas serum calcium was also predictive for the progression of Stages 3b-5 CKD. Because these two sub-stages of Stage 3 CKD are often associated with differences in routine measurements and the risk analysis of renal dialysis, future research can use this predictive model as a reference while similar prevention programs are implemented.

Antimicrobial resistance in Mycobacterium abscessus complex isolated from patients with skin and soft tissue infections at a tertiary teaching hospital in Taiwan.

Background: Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC) is the most common non-tuberculous mycobacterium that causes complicated skin and soft tissue infections (cSSTIs). The selection of antimycobacterial agents for successful treatment of such infections is a critical issue. Objectives: To investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of MABC isolates from skin and soft tissue to a variety of antimycobacterial agents. Methods: Sixty-seven MABC isolates were collected and partial gene sequencing of secA1, rpoB and hsp65 was used to classify them into three subspecies: M. abscessus subsp. abscessus (MAB), M. abscessus subsp. massiliense (MMA) and M. abscessus subsp. bolletii (MBO). The MICs of 11 antimycobacterial agents for these 67 isolates were determined using a broth microdilution method and commercial Sensititre RAPMYCOI MIC plates, as recommended by CLSI. Results: In total, 28 MAB, 38 MMA and 1 MBO were isolated from patients with cSSTIs at our hospital. Most MABC strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, imipenem, linezolid, minocycline, moxifloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. In addition, most MABC strains were intermediately susceptible or resistant to cefoxitin. Eighteen of the 28 MABs and 1 MBO isolate harboured the T28 polymorphism in the erm(41) gene. Two of the 38 MMA isolates had an rrl A2059G point mutation. Most of the MABC strains were susceptible to amikacin and tigecycline. Conclusions: In Taiwan, amikacin, clarithromycin and tigecycline have good activity against MMA and MAB erm(41) C28 sequevar isolates, whereas amikacin and tigecycline, rather than clarithromycin, have good activity against both MBO and MAB erm(41) T28 sequevar isolates. Clinical trials are warranted to correlate these data with clinical outcomes.

Epidemiology and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Taiwan: A multicenter study.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: After community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) was identified, new community-onset, healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA-CO) infections have been noticed as MRSA infection in patients with community-onset infection who have underlying conditions resulting in frequent exposure to the healthcare system. However, previous studies have not thoroughly investigated whether HA-MRSA-CO has characteristics resembling those of CA-MRSA or hospital-onset, healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA-HO) infection. METHODS: A multicenter, retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical and microbiological data of patients with clinical isolates of MRSA from nine hospitals in Taiwan. RESULTS: In total, 203 patients with MRSA isolates, including 27 patients with CA-MRSA (13.3%), 59 with HA-MRSA-CO (29.1%), and 117 with HA-MRSA-HO (57.6%), were studied. Compared to HA-MRSA-HO isolates, the CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA-CO isolates were associated with a higher proportion of skin and soft tissue infections (81.8% and 65.3% vs. 40.5%, p=0.001 and p=0.002) as well as lesser rate of resistance to ciprofloxacin (33.3% and 50.9% vs. 74.4%, p<0.001 and p=0.002), gentamicin (44.4% and 64.4% vs. 84.6%, p<0.001 and p=0.002), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (33.3% and 42.4% vs. 58.1%, p=0.02 and p=0.048), and a lower 30-day all-cause mortality rate (7.4% and 0% vs. 20.9%, p<0.001). Most of the CA-MRSA isolates were classified as staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type VT (11/27, 40.7%), whereas most HA-MRSA-HO isolates were classified as SCCmec type III (66/117, 56.4%). CONCLUSION: The CA-MRSA, HA-MRSA-CO, and HA-MRSA-HO clinical isolates significantly differed in their clinical presentations and molecular characteristics.

A multicenter study of risk factors and outcome of hospitalized patients with infections due to carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

BACKGROUND: Risk factors and outcome in patients who acquire nosocomial infections due to carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) are rarely investigated. METHODS: A multicenter retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical and microbiological data of patients with nosocomial infections due to A. baumannii in 10 hospitals around Taiwan from May 2004 to December 2006. Comparisons were made between patients with infections due to CRAB and patients with infections due to carbapenem-susceptible A. baumannii (CSAB). RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-one patients carrying CRAB (infections, n=91) and 127 patients carrying CSAB (infections, n=97) were recruited for analysis. Compared with patients with CSAB infections, patients with CRAB infections had a longer duration of hospital stay before A. baumannii was isolated (median 48 vs. 21 days, p<0.001) and were more likely to have had exposure to a carbapenem (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.57, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.43-5.35; p=0.02) and an intensive care unit (ICU) stay (AOR 3.42, 95% CI 1.76-5.26; p=0.008). Risk factors associated with CRAB bacteremia included duration of hospital stay before onset of bacteremia (AOR 1.009 per 1-day longer, 95% CI 1.03-1.24; p=0.049), prior colonization with A. baumannii (AOR 3.27, 95% CI 1.99-5.93; p=0.002), and hospitalization in the ICU (AOR 6.12, 95% CI 1.58-13.68; p=0.009). Patients with CRAB bacteremia had a higher mortality rate than patients with CSAB bacteremia (46.0% vs. 28.3%, p=0.04). Multivariate analysis showed that carbapenem resistance (AOR 5.31, 95% CI 1.88-13.25; p=0.002), central venous catheterization (AOR 3.27, 95% CI 1.55-10.56; p=0.009), and ICU stay (AOR 2.56, 95% CI 1.15-8.85; p=0.04) were independent variables associated with mortality in patients with A. baumannii bacteremia. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with CRAB infections have a higher mortality rate than those with CSAB infections. Longer hospital stay, colonization with A. baumannii, and admission to the ICU were associated with the development of CRAB bacteremia.