Primary intracranial papillary meningioma: Analysis of factors of prognosis and systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: Papillary meningioma is rare and displays an aggressive clinical behavior with poor prognosis. Therefore, we performed an extensive literature review to evaluate the adverse factors and treatment strategy of survival. METHOD: We performed Ovid, Medline, Embase, Pubmed, Web of Science and Cochrane database queries for articles published between 1938 and 2019 with the search term "WHO grade III meningioma" or "papillary meningioma" and "central nervous system", "cerebral", or "intracranial". RESULTS: After a careful evaluation, a total of 19 studies were included. The entire cohort included the 67 patients, 34 (50.7%) were male and 33 (49.3%) were female with a mean age of 32.6 ± 2.1 years ranging from 4.5 months to 74 years. Gross total resection was achieved in 48 (71.6%) cases, and 29 (51.8%) patients received postoperative radiation. The mean follow-up period was 42.3 ± 4.4 months (range, 2-197 months). Thirty-six (53.7%) patients happened to recurrences, 11 (16.4%) patients happened to extracranial metastasis and 25 (37.3%) patients died. Univariate analysis revealed that the MIB > 5% trended toward a shorter time to recurrence (p = 0.084). Gross total resection was associated with favorable progression-free survival (p = 0.007) and overall survival (p = 0.001). Postoperative radiation was associated with favorable progression-free survival (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Gross total resection and adjuvant radiation were recommended as the initial treatment option for patients with papillary meningioma.

[Effect of ferulic acid on cholesterol efflux in macrophage foam cell formation and potential mechanism].

The formation of macrophage-derived foam cells is a typical feature of atherosclerosis (AS). Reverse cholesterol efflux (RCT) is one of important factors for the formation of macrophage foam cells. In this study, macrophage form cells were induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and then treated with different concentrations of ferulic acid, so as to observe the effect of ferulic acid on the intracellular lipid metabolism in the ox-LDL-induced macrophage foam cell formation, the cholesterol efflux and the mRNA expression and protein levels of ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ATP binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) that mediate cholesterol efflux, and discuss the potential mechanism of ferulic acid in resisting AS. According to the findings, compared with the control group, the ox-LDL-treated group showed significant increase in intracellular lipid content, especially for the cholesterol content; whereas the intracellular lipid accumulation markedly decreased, after the treatment with ferulic acid. The data also demonstrated that the mRNA and protein expressions of ABCA1 and ABCG1 significantly increased after macrophage foam cells were treated with different concentrations of ferulic acid. In summary, ferulic acid may show the anti-atherosclerosis effect by increasing the surface ABCA1 and ABCG1 expressions of macrophage form cells and promoting cholesterol efflux.