ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of tiapride and topiramate on patients with Tourette syndrome (TS). METHODS: This retrospective analysis included 126 children diagnosed with TS at Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from 2019 to 2021, with treatment including tiapride (n = 60) and topiramate (n = 66). Their tic severity values were assessed with the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS). Furthermore, behavioral and emotional problems were assessed with the Conner's Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) and the Children Behavior Checklist (CBCL). RESULTS: Compared with premedication, the scores of tic severity were significantly decreased in both tiapride and topiramate groups after treatment, especially topiramate. Moreover, it was noted that five subscores of CPRS were significantly reduced in TS patients thanks to medication. However, there was no significant difference in CBCL after treatment, in both tiapride and topiramate groups. CONCLUSIONS: Tiapride and topiramate were proven to be effective on tics and some behavioral/emotional problems in TS patients, and topiramate may provide better treatment.
ABSTRACT
Background: Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) significantly affects neurodevelopment in infants and is a leading cause of severe neurological morbidity and mortality in neonates. Our previous study found that photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) improves the impaired spatial learning and memory of HIBD rat models. However, the neuroprotective mechanism conferred by PBMT in HIBD is unclear. Methods: In the present study, HIBD model rats were treated with PBMT at 5 mW/cm2 per day in the dark for 14 days (10 min each day), and primary neural stem cells (NSCs) after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) were treated with PBMT for 10 min at 1, 5, 10, and 20 mW/cm2 in the dark. PBMT promoted hippocampal neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Results: Mechanistically, PBMT upregulated phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT), phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (p-GSK-3ß), ß-catenin, and cyclin D1 expression in vivo and in vitro, promoting NSC proliferation. Furthermore, both LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) and IWR-1 (a Wnt/ß-catenin inhibitor) inhibited the PBMT promotion of NSC proliferation after OGD and suppressed ß-catenin and cyclin D1 expression in vitro. Conclusions: PBMT improved the spatial learning and memory of HIBD rats and promoted hippocampal NSC proliferation through the AKT/GSK-3ß/ß-catenin pathway.
ABSTRACT
Magnesium (Mg) alloys that have both antibacterial and osteogenic properties are suitable candidates for orthopedic implants. However, the fabrication of ideal Mg implants suitable for bone repair remains challenging because it requires implants with interconnected pore structures and personalized geometric shapes. In this study, we fabricated a porous 3D-printed Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr (denoted as JDBM) implant with suitable mechanical properties using selective laser melting technology. The 3D-printed JDBM implant exhibited cytocompatibility in MC3T3-E1 and RAW267.4 cells and excellent osteoinductivity in vitro. Furthermore, the implant demonstrated excellent antibacterial ratios of 90.0% and 92.1% for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli, respectively. The 3D-printed JDBM implant prevented MRSA-induced implant-related infection in a rabbit model and showed good in vivo biocompatibility based on the results of histological evaluation, blood tests, and Mg2+ deposition detection. In addition, enhanced inflammatory response and TNF-α secretion were observed at the bone-implant interface of the 3D-printed JDBM implants during the early implantation stage. The high Mg2+ environment produced by the degradation of 3D-printed JDBM implants could promote M1 phenotype of macrophages (Tnf, iNOS, Ccl3, Ccl4, Ccl5, Cxcl10, and Cxcl2), and enhance the phagocytic ability of macrophages. The enhanced immunoregulatory effect generated by relatively fast Mg2+ release and implant degradation during the early implantation stage is a potential antibacterial mechanism of Mg-based implant. Our findings indicate that 3D-printed porous JDBM implants, having both antibacterial property and osteoinductivity, hold potential for future orthopedic applications.
