Cellular and molecular mechanisms of oroxylin A in cancer therapy: Recent advances.

Seeking an effective and safe scheme is the common goal of clinical treatment of tumor patients. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has attracted more and more attention in order to discover new drugs with good anti-tumor effects. Oroxylin A (OA) is a compound found in natural Oroxylum indicum and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi plants and has been used in the treatment of various cancers. Studies have shown that OA has a wide range of powerful biological activities and plays an important role in neuroprotection, anti-inflammation, anti-virus, anti-allergy, anti-tumor and so on. OA shows high efficacy in tumor treatment. Therefore, it has attracted great attention of researchers all over the world. This review aims to discuss the anti-tumor effects of OA from the aspects of cell cycle arrest, induction of cell proliferation and apoptosis, induction of autophagy, anti-inflammation, inhibition of glycolysis, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis and reversal of drug resistance. In addition, the safety and toxicity of the compound were also discussed. As a next step, to clarify the benefits and adverse effects of Oroxylin A in cancer patients further experiments, especially clinical trials, are needed.

Semirigid Ureteroscopy Therapy against Childhood Kidney Stones.

Objective: The purpose of the current study was to assess the effectiveness of semirigid ureterorenoscopy (URS) as first-line therapy for early childhood patients with <20 mm stones in the pelvic, middle, or upper calices. Methods: In all, 61 pediatric kidney stone patients who had flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019, were included in this study. Before fURS, semirigid URS employed the UreTron or holmium: YAG (Ho : YAG) laser was conducted. When semirigid URS was unsuccessful, fURS was used for retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). All participants were monitored clinically for a minimum of three months after each procedure. Results: The patient's mean age was 4.52 ± 1.53 years, and 52 (83.61%) participants underwent semirigid URS successfully. Mean procedural duration of semirigid URS was 36.49 ± 7.72 min. The stone-free rate after semirigid URS was 92.16% (47/51). During the postprocedural medical observation, there were no serious adverse effects. Conclusions: Based on the present study's findings, semirigid URS is a low-risk, effective therapy for kidney stones in selected pediatric patients.

[Study of building quantitative analysis model for chlorophyll in winter wheat with reflective spectrum using MSC-ANN algorithm].

Preprocess method of multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) was used to reject noises in the original spectra produced by the environmental physical factor effectively, then the principal components of near-infrared spectroscopy were calculated by nonlinear iterative partial least squares (NIPALS) before building the back propagation artificial neural networks method (BP-ANN), and the numbers of principal components were calculated by the method of cross validation. The calculated principal components were used as the inputs of the artificial neural networks model, and the artificial neural networks model was used to find the relation between chlorophyll in winter wheat and reflective spectrum, which can predict the content of chlorophyll in winter wheat. The correlation coefficient (r) of calibration set was 0.9604, while the standard deviation (SD) and relative standard deviation (RSD) was 0.187 and 5.18% respectively. The correlation coefficient (r) of predicted set was 0.9600, and the standard deviation (SD) and relative standard deviation (RSD) was 0.145 and 4.21% respectively. It means that the MSC-ANN algorithm can reject noises in the original spectra produced by the environmental physical factor effectively and set up an exact model to predict the contents of chlorophyll in living leaves veraciously to replace the classical method and meet the needs of fast analysis of agricultural products.

[Estimations of chlorophyll and water contents in live leaf of winter wheat with reflectance spectroscopy].

For estimating the yield of wheat, and for crop growth monitoring by using hyperspectral remote sensing, it is very important to quantitatively determine the chlorophyll and water contents in live leaf of winter wheat. In the range of 350-1650 nm, the reflectance spectrum of winter wheat's leaf in different growth periods were scanned by ASD FieldSpec Pro FR portable spectrometer and LI-COR 1800 integrating spheres. Partial least squares method was used to develop the quantitative analysis models for chlorophyll and water contents with reflectance spectroscopy. The model of chlorophyll content with reflectance spectroscopy was built in the range of 400-750 nm, and the results show that the correlation coefficient between the estimated values and the real values is 0.898, and relative standard deviation is 13.6%. The model of water content with reflectance spectroscopy was built in the range of 1400-1600 nm, and the results indicate that the correlation coefficient between the estimated values and the real values is 0.999, and relative standard deviation is 0.3%. These results are satisfying in agricultural production.